2008 Sector Performance Report - US Environmental Protection ...

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Food & Beverage Manufacturing 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-2005 Food & Beverage Manufacturing Facilities Primary Commodity Processing Animal Production Other Agribusiness 40,661 facilities 1,684,806 1,602,588 29,161 employees 5% 28% $467 billion value of shipments $609 billion 30% 46 Food & Beverage Manufacturing 2008 SECTOR PERFORMANCE REPORT
Latest Environmental Statistics 2 Energy Use: 1.2 quadrillion Btu Emissions of Criteria Air Pollutants: 454,000 tons Releases of Chemicals Reported to TRI: 164.7 million lbs. Air Emissions: 50.4 million lbs. Water Discharges: 94.3 million lbs. Waste Disposals: 20 million lbs. Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment: 543 million lbs. Hazardous Waste Generated: 3,100 tons Hazardous Waste Managed: 2,400 tons The data discussed in this report are drawn from multiple public and private sources. See the Data Guide and the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter for important information and qualifications about how data are generated, synthesized, and presented. Profile Food & Beverage Manufacturing facilities use agricultural commodities as inputs for producing feedstuffs, food ingredients, or byproducts for industry or pharmaceutical applications. The sector contains three subsectors: primary commodity processing facilities, which perform the first stage of processing for all grains and oilseeds; animal production facilities, which process livestock for food, excluding the raising of livestock on farms; and other food production facilities. In terms of value of shipments (VOS), the sector represents 13% of all U.S. manufacturing shipments. 3 Energy Use Figure 1 shows the fuels used for energy in the sector in 2002, totaling 1.2 quadrillion Btu. The percentage of energy derived from coal increased during the period covered by this report, coinciding with rising prices for natural gas. 4 Air Emissions Air emissions from the sector include criteria air pollutants (CAPs), greenhouse gases (GHGs), and a number of Figure 1 Fuel Use for Energy 2002 Residual Fuel Oil 1% Distillate Fuel Oil 2% Total: 1.2 quadrillion Btu Net Electricity 21% Other 8% Notes: 1. Net electricity is an estimation of purchased power and power generation onsite. 2. Other is net steam (the sum of purchases, generation from renewables, and net transfers) and other energy that respondents indicated was used to produce heat and power. Source: U.S. Department of Energy chemicals reported to EPA’s Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). In general, the “toxic chemicals” tracked by TRI are found in raw materials and fuels, and can also be generated in byproducts or end products. Air Emissions Reported to TRI Natural Gas 51% Coal 17% Innovative Animal Processing Alternative Energy Source Most new beef and pork slaughter plants have covered anaerobic lagoons, particularly if they treat and discharge their own wastewater. As of 2006, 10 of these 25 beef and pork first processing plants that directly discharge wastewater are capturing methane (CH 4 ) from covered lagoons to use as fuel, which typically reduces a packing plant’s need for natural gas by about 15%. 5 In 2005, 1,195 facilities in the sector reported 50.4 million absolute lbs. of air emissions to TRI. The TRI list of toxic chemicals includes all but six of the hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) regulated under the Clean Air Act. HAPs accounted for 66% of these emissions. Between 1996 and 2005, absolute TRI-reported air emissions declined 33%, as shown in Figure 2a. As shown in Figure 2b, when normalized by the value of shipments, air emissions decreased 38%, largely due to sector-wide reductions of two chemicals, n-hexane and ammonia. Primary commodity processing facilities accounted for 65% of these emissions, and animal production facilities accounted for 14% of the emissions. 6 2008 SECTOR PERFORMANCE REPORT Food & Beverage Manufacturing 47
Page 1 and 2: 2008 Sector Performance rePort
Page 3: table of Contents i Preface 1 Execu
Page 6 and 7: Key to our work is collaboration wi
Page 8 and 9: Energy Use The eight sectors for wh
Page 10 and 11: Sector Data Side by Side The follow
Page 12 and 13: TRI Air Emissions Across Sectors 19
Page 14 and 15: TRI Waste Management Across Sectors
Page 16 and 17: This report relies upon a variety o
Page 18 and 19: TABLE 3 Economic Activity Data for
Page 20 and 21: Presentation of TRI Air Emissions D
Page 22 and 23: Presentation 500,000,000 of TRI Was
Page 24 and 25: Cement Manufacturing 1 AT A GLANCE
Page 26 and 27: equires 32% more energy per ton of
Page 28 and 29: Summing the Toxicity Scores for all
Page 30 and 31: l t , r t i t i Figure 3 Cement Kil
Page 32 and 33: ChemiCal manufaCturing 1 AT A GLANC
Page 34 and 35: Chemical facilities purchase electr
Page 36 and 37: conservatively assumes that chemica
Page 38 and 39: Balanced Water Use at BASF Supply U
Page 40 and 41: Waste Management Reported to TRI In
Page 42 and 43: Colleges & universities 1 AT A GLAN
Page 44 and 45: Criteria Air Pollutants Most CAP em
Page 46 and 47: Construction 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-200
Page 48 and 49: Figure 1 Fuel Use for Energy 2002 E
Page 50 and 51: Figure 4 Trends in Construction and
Page 54 and 55: Figure 2 Air Emissions Reported to
Page 56 and 57: associations, or government agencie
Page 58 and 59: disposed or released to air or wate
Page 60 and 61: Forest Products 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-
Page 62 and 63: 2002 the manufacture of wood produc
Page 64 and 65: emission controls to the pulping, p
Page 66 and 67: Water discharges became a major foc
Page 68 and 69: Iron & Steel 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-200
Page 70 and 71: ton of steel shipped improved over
Page 72 and 73: existing, high-toxicity weighting f
Page 74 and 75: water that has been reused. Typical
Page 76 and 77: Metal Casting 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-20
Page 78 and 79: using a cupola furnace can dehumidi
Page 80 and 81: Table 1 presents the top TRI-report
Page 82 and 83: Waste Management Reported to TRI hi
Page 84 and 85: Oil & Gas AT A GLANCE 1996-2005 1,2
Page 86 and 87: equipment helps recover the gas. In
Page 88 and 89: The most widely used EOR technique
Page 90 and 91: Petroleum refining Latest Environme
Page 92 and 93: Figure 2 Al TRI HA s Air Emissions
Page 94 and 95: energy technologies, and improving
Page 96 and 97: Paint & Coatings 1 AT A GLANCE 1996
Page 98 and 99: Figure 1 Air Emissions Reported to
Page 100 and 101: Owned Treatment Works, but may also
Page 102 and 103:
Ports 1 AT A GLANCE 2005: 360 publi
Page 104 and 105:
Increasing Use of Solar Power The P
Page 106 and 107:
developing retrofit and replacement
Page 108 and 109:
“invasive” if they are capable
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shipbuilding & ship repair 1 AT A G
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of marine coatings. CAPs and GHGs a
Page 114 and 115:
Table 1 Top TRI Air Emissions 2005
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Shipyards’ stormwater runoff is t
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data Sources, Methodologies, and CO
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Facilities described above must rep
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Data Processing RSEI calculates tox
Page 124 and 125:
• Section 6.2: Transfers to other
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Cement Manufacturing 1. Facilities:
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12. Charles Heizenroth, EPA, person
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Forest Products 1. Facilities: Cens
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40. Includes direct discharges to w
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Public Data Release (PDR) (includes
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Advancing Port Sustainability, Janu
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