2008 Sector Performance Report - US Environmental Protection ...

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Construction 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-2005 Construction Establishments by State < 5,000 5,001 to 10,000 10,001 to 25,000 > 25,000 657,718 facilities 787,672 20% 5,206,925 employees 6,781,327 30% $623 billion value of construction $1 trillion 62% 40 Construction 2008 SECTOR PERFORMANCE REPORT
Latest Environmental Statistics Energy Use: 1.6 quadrillion Btu Construction & Demolition Debris Generated: 331 million tons Profile Inventory (TRI), are either not applicable to or not available for the Construction sector. To address the measurement challenge, in September 2007 EPA recommended measures of performance for the sector covering energy use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, diesel air emissions, stormwater compliance, construction and demolition (C&D) debris management, and green building practices. 6 These measures indicate several trends: • Construction-related energy use is increasing faster than the growth in construction activity. • Many construction companies have begun retrofitting older diesel equipment, reducing air pollution. • More construction sites are complying with the requirement to obtain stormwater permits, although the percentage of construction sites in compliance is still unknown. • The percentage of C&D materials recycled varies widely from state to state; materials are recycled more in highway construction than building construction. 2 • In addition to constructing more green buildings, many contractors are “greening” their own operating practices. The data discussed in this report are drawn from multiple public and private sources. See the Data Guide and the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter for important information and qualifications about how data are generated, synthesized, and presented. The Construction sector consists of establishments engaged in constructing, renovating, and demolishing buildings and other engineering structures. 3 The sector includes contractors in commercial, residential, highway, heavy industrial, and municipal utility construction. Specialized trades within the sector include work that is commonly subcontracted, such as plumbing, heating, masonry, and painting. Although residential construction has slowed in recent years, spending on overall construction nearly doubled over the past decade. In 2006, the value of construction put in place totaled $1.1 trillion, or 9% of the U.S. gross domestic product. Spending on residential construction totaled $647 billion; nonresidential spending totaled $545 billion. 4 More than 90% of construction companies have fewer than 20 employees. 5 Tracking the environmental performance of the Construction sector presents challenges because of the large number of construction companies and construction sites, the prevalence of small businesses, and the lack of data. Data that are commonly available for manufacturing sectors, such as chemical releases from EPA’s Toxics Release Energy Use The Construction sector uses energy to operate equipment, to transport materials to and from construction sites, and to power facilities. Nonroad (also called “off-road”) diesel engines used by construction companies, for example, include a wide variety of loaders, bulldozers, backhoes, excavators, graders, pavers, scrapers, and other specialized equipment. 7 Construction consumed an estimated 1.6 quadrillion Btu in 2002, which was a 28% increase from about 1.25 quadrillion Btu in 1997. 8 During the same 2008 SECTOR PERFORMANCE REPORT Construction 41
Page 1 and 2: 2008 Sector Performance rePort
Page 3: table of Contents i Preface 1 Execu
Page 6 and 7: Key to our work is collaboration wi
Page 8 and 9: Energy Use The eight sectors for wh
Page 10 and 11: Sector Data Side by Side The follow
Page 12 and 13: TRI Air Emissions Across Sectors 19
Page 14 and 15: TRI Waste Management Across Sectors
Page 16 and 17: This report relies upon a variety o
Page 18 and 19: TABLE 3 Economic Activity Data for
Page 20 and 21: Presentation of TRI Air Emissions D
Page 22 and 23: Presentation 500,000,000 of TRI Was
Page 24 and 25: Cement Manufacturing 1 AT A GLANCE
Page 26 and 27: equires 32% more energy per ton of
Page 28 and 29: Summing the Toxicity Scores for all
Page 30 and 31: l t , r t i t i Figure 3 Cement Kil
Page 32 and 33: ChemiCal manufaCturing 1 AT A GLANC
Page 34 and 35: Chemical facilities purchase electr
Page 36 and 37: conservatively assumes that chemica
Page 38 and 39: Balanced Water Use at BASF Supply U
Page 40 and 41: Waste Management Reported to TRI In
Page 42 and 43: Colleges & universities 1 AT A GLAN
Page 44 and 45: Criteria Air Pollutants Most CAP em
Page 48 and 49: Figure 1 Fuel Use for Energy 2002 E
Page 50 and 51: Figure 4 Trends in Construction and
Page 52 and 53: Food & Beverage Manufacturing 1 AT
Page 54 and 55: Figure 2 Air Emissions Reported to
Page 56 and 57: associations, or government agencie
Page 58 and 59: disposed or released to air or wate
Page 60 and 61: Forest Products 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-
Page 62 and 63: 2002 the manufacture of wood produc
Page 64 and 65: emission controls to the pulping, p
Page 66 and 67: Water discharges became a major foc
Page 68 and 69: Iron & Steel 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-200
Page 70 and 71: ton of steel shipped improved over
Page 72 and 73: existing, high-toxicity weighting f
Page 74 and 75: water that has been reused. Typical
Page 76 and 77: Metal Casting 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-20
Page 78 and 79: using a cupola furnace can dehumidi
Page 80 and 81: Table 1 presents the top TRI-report
Page 82 and 83: Waste Management Reported to TRI hi
Page 84 and 85: Oil & Gas AT A GLANCE 1996-2005 1,2
Page 86 and 87: equipment helps recover the gas. In
Page 88 and 89: The most widely used EOR technique
Page 90 and 91: Petroleum refining Latest Environme
Page 92 and 93: Figure 2 Al TRI HA s Air Emissions
Page 94 and 95: energy technologies, and improving
Page 96 and 97:
Paint & Coatings 1 AT A GLANCE 1996
Page 98 and 99:
Figure 1 Air Emissions Reported to
Page 100 and 101:
Owned Treatment Works, but may also
Page 102 and 103:
Ports 1 AT A GLANCE 2005: 360 publi
Page 104 and 105:
Increasing Use of Solar Power The P
Page 106 and 107:
developing retrofit and replacement
Page 108 and 109:
“invasive” if they are capable
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shipbuilding & ship repair 1 AT A G
Page 112 and 113:
of marine coatings. CAPs and GHGs a
Page 114 and 115:
Table 1 Top TRI Air Emissions 2005
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Shipyards’ stormwater runoff is t
Page 118 and 119:
data Sources, Methodologies, and CO
Page 120 and 121:
Facilities described above must rep
Page 122 and 123:
Data Processing RSEI calculates tox
Page 124 and 125:
• Section 6.2: Transfers to other
Page 126 and 127:
Cement Manufacturing 1. Facilities:
Page 128 and 129:
12. Charles Heizenroth, EPA, person
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Forest Products 1. Facilities: Cens
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40. Includes direct discharges to w
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Public Data Release (PDR) (includes
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Advancing Port Sustainability, Janu
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