2008 Sector Performance Report - US Environmental Protection ...

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• Section 6.2: Transfers to other offsite locations, for disposal codes only. The disposal codes are as follows: • M10 Storage only • M40 Solidification/Stabilization—Metals and Metal Compounds only • M41 Solidification/Stabilization—Metals and Metal Compounds only • M61 Wastewater Treatment (excluding POTW)— Metals and Metal Compounds only • M62 Wastewater Treatment (excluding POTW)— Metals and Metal Compounds only • M63 Surface Impoundment Recycling • M64 Other Landfills • M65 RCRA Subtitle C Landfills • M66 Subtitle C Surface Impoundment • M67 Other Surface Impoundment • M71 Underground Injection • M72 Offsite Disposal in Landfills • M73 Land Treatment • M79 Other Land Disposal • M81 Underground Injection to Class I Wells • M82 Underground Injection to Class II–V Wells • M90 Other Offsite Management • M91 Transfers to Waste Broker—Disposal • M94 Transfers to Waste Broker—Disposal • M99 Unknown Differences in how quantities are reported TRI includes the weight of the toxic chemicals within a waste stream, while RCRA reporting on hazardous wastes encompasses the weight of the entire waste or waste stream that meets the definition of RCRA hazardous waste. Therefore, hazardous wastes included in BR could be aqueous, solids, or sludges, weighing more than the toxic components portion alone. In addition, the waste streams reported to BR are considered hazardous, but may not contain constituents that are considered toxic as defined in TRI (e.g., waste streams may be hazardous to humans based on their ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, toxicity, or hazardous constituents listed in 40 CFR 261 Appendix VIII). Differences in reporting universes There is overlap with some facilities reporting to both systems. Differences in reporting frequency TRI is annual; BR is every other year. Comparing TRI and BR Both TRI and BR contain information on waste. TRI includes information on toxic chemicals managed as waste. BR includes information on hazardous waste generated and managed. The quantities of hazardous waste reported to BR differ from those reported to TRI, because of numerous differences between the two systems, several of which are discussed below. Differences in what is reported TRI reporting is required for any toxic chemical (from a list of more than 600 chemicals) for which manufacturing, processing, or other use exceeds a reporting threshold. BR reporting is required for RCRA listed and characteristic hazardous wastes. 118 Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations 2008 SECTOR PERFORMANCE REPORT
Appendix: ENdnotes Preface 1. The 2004 and 2006 Performance Reports are available on the EPA website, http://www.epa.gov/sectors/performance. 2. See the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter for a discussion of normalization and for sources of normalizing data for each sector. 3. For more information on MECS, see the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter and http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mecs/. 4. For more information on NEI, see the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter and http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/trends/. 5. For more information on TRI, see the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter and http://www.epa.gov/tri. 6. For more information on RSEI, see the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter and http://www.epa.gov/oppt/rsei/. 7. For more information on BR, see the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter and http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/ hazwaste/data/biennialreport/. Executive Summary 1. Number of Facilities: Census Bureau, County Business Patterns (CBP), 2004, http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/view/cbpview.html, except as noted for sectors such as Cement Manufacturing and Iron & Steel (see Data Guide for more information); Employment: Census Bureau, CBP, 2004, except as noted for particular sectors (see Data Guide); Value of Construction put in place: Census Bureau, Value of Construction Put in Place, http://www.census.gov/const/C30/ totsa.pdf; Revenue for Colleges & Universities: National Center for Education Statistics, “Postsecondary Institutions, Fall 2005; Graduation Rates, 1999 & 2002 Cohorts; and Financial Statistics, Fiscal Year 2005,” http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2007/2007154.pdf; Revenue for Ports: Census Bureau, 1997 and 2002 Economic Census, http://www.census.gov/econ/census02, North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes 48831 and 48832; Energy Use: Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Information Administration (EIA), Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS), 2002; Emissions of Criteria Air Pollutants: EPA, National Emission Inventory (NEI) for Point Sources: Final v3 2002; Air emissions; water discharges; land disposals; recycling, energy recovery, and treatment: EPA, Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), 2005 Public Data Release (PDR), freeze date: December 19, 2006; Hazardous Waste Generated: EPA, National Biennial RCRA Hazardous Waste Report, 2005, http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/data/biennialreport; Global Standing—Food & Beverage Manufacturing Ranking: Confederation of the food and drink industries of the EU, “Data and Trends of the European Food and Drink Industry,” 2006, (citing ABIA; Japanese Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry, Department of Commerce, INEGI, National Bureau of Statistics of China, Canada’s business and consumer site, New Zealand’s Economic Development Agency, AFFA), page 18, http://www.ciaa.be/documents/brochures/ Data_&_Trends_2006_FINAL.pdf; additional information on European Union value of output: E-mail correspondence from E. Dollet, Manager Economic Affairs, Confederation of the Food and Drink Industries of the EU, to D. Kaiser, EPA, May 19, 2008; Global Standing—Steel: International Iron and Steel Institute, “World crude steel output increases by 7.5% in 2007,” January 23, 2008, http:// www.worldsteel.org/?action=newsdetail&id=228; Global Standing— Cement: Portland Cement Association, “About the Cement Industry,” http://www.cement.org/manufacture/; Global Standing—Forest Products sector: AF&PA submission to USTR, December 2005, http:// www.afandpa.org/Template.cfm?Section=international2&templat e=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=12382; Global Standing—Construction: “Construction Services Sector, 2007; U.S. Market Overview”, International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce, http://trade.gov/investamerica/ construction.asp; Global Standing—Chemical Manufacturing: Amercan Chemistry Council, “essential2economy”, http://www. americanchemistry.com/s_acc/sec_topic.asp?CID=5&DID=8; General Comparisons and Examples of Economic Trends: see individual sector chapters for examples referenced and data citations. 2. DOE, EIA, Annual Energy Review 2006, Report No. DOE/EIA- 0384(2006), http://www.eia.doe.gov/aer/pdf/perspectives.pdf. 3. DOE, EIA, World Primary Energy Consumption by Region, 1995-2004, http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/txt/stb1103.xls. 4. DOE, EIA, Annual Energy Review 2006, Report No. DOE/EIA- 0384(2006). 5. See also EPA, Energy Trends in Selected Manufacturing Sectors: Opportunities and Challenges for Environmentally Preferable Energy Outcomes, March 2007, http://www.epa.gov/sectors/pdf/energy/ report.pdf. 6. 2005 total from: Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2005, April 2007, p. ES-5, http://www.epa.gov/ climatechange/emissions/downloads06/07CR.pdf; 1996 total from: Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2002, p. ES-4, http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ downloads06/04ES.pdf. 7. EPA, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990- 2005, p. ES-15. 8. EPA, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2005, EPA 430-R-07-002 April 2007, p. 5, http://www.epa.gov/ climatechange/emissions/downloads06/07ES.pdf. 9. EPA, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990- 2005; Production data: 2006 Annual Statistical Report, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, DC, p. 3; 1996 data from: EPA, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 – 2002. 10. EPA, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990- 2005; Production data: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Mineral Commodity Summaries. 11. EPA, NEI, Final v3 2002. 12. Total tonnages for CAPs and VOCs (PM without condensibles); EPA, NEI Air Pollutant Emissions Trends Data, 1970-2006 Average annual emissions, all criteria pollutants (July 2007), Excel file, http://www. epa.gov/ttn/chief/trends/trends06/nationaltier1upto2006basedon2 002finalv2.1.xls. 13. EPA, TRI, 2005 PDR; EPA, National Biennial RCRA Hazardous Waste Report, 2005. Data Guide 1. Information available on the Census webpage, http://www.census. gov/naics/. 2. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Toxicological Profile for Benzene (Draft), Atlanta, GA, 1997. 2008 SECTOR PERFORMANCE REPORT Appendix: Endnotes 119
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2008 Sector Performance rePort
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table of Contents i Preface 1 Execu
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Key to our work is collaboration wi
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Energy Use The eight sectors for wh
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Sector Data Side by Side The follow
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TRI Air Emissions Across Sectors 19
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TRI Waste Management Across Sectors
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This report relies upon a variety o
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TABLE 3 Economic Activity Data for
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Presentation of TRI Air Emissions D
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Presentation 500,000,000 of TRI Was
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Cement Manufacturing 1 AT A GLANCE
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equires 32% more energy per ton of
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Summing the Toxicity Scores for all
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l t , r t i t i Figure 3 Cement Kil
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ChemiCal manufaCturing 1 AT A GLANC
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Chemical facilities purchase electr
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conservatively assumes that chemica
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Balanced Water Use at BASF Supply U
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Waste Management Reported to TRI In
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Colleges & universities 1 AT A GLAN
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Criteria Air Pollutants Most CAP em
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Construction 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-200
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Figure 1 Fuel Use for Energy 2002 E
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Figure 4 Trends in Construction and
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Food & Beverage Manufacturing 1 AT
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Figure 2 Air Emissions Reported to
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associations, or government agencie
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disposed or released to air or wate
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Forest Products 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-
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2002 the manufacture of wood produc
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emission controls to the pulping, p
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Water discharges became a major foc
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Iron & Steel 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-200
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ton of steel shipped improved over
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existing, high-toxicity weighting f
Page 74 and 75: water that has been reused. Typical
Page 76 and 77: Metal Casting 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-20
Page 78 and 79: using a cupola furnace can dehumidi
Page 80 and 81: Table 1 presents the top TRI-report
Page 82 and 83: Waste Management Reported to TRI hi
Page 84 and 85: Oil & Gas AT A GLANCE 1996-2005 1,2
Page 86 and 87: equipment helps recover the gas. In
Page 88 and 89: The most widely used EOR technique
Page 90 and 91: Petroleum refining Latest Environme
Page 92 and 93: Figure 2 Al TRI HA s Air Emissions
Page 94 and 95: energy technologies, and improving
Page 96 and 97: Paint & Coatings 1 AT A GLANCE 1996
Page 98 and 99: Figure 1 Air Emissions Reported to
Page 100 and 101: Owned Treatment Works, but may also
Page 102 and 103: Ports 1 AT A GLANCE 2005: 360 publi
Page 104 and 105: Increasing Use of Solar Power The P
Page 106 and 107: developing retrofit and replacement
Page 108 and 109: “invasive” if they are capable
Page 110 and 111: shipbuilding & ship repair 1 AT A G
Page 112 and 113: of marine coatings. CAPs and GHGs a
Page 114 and 115: Table 1 Top TRI Air Emissions 2005
Page 116 and 117: Shipyards’ stormwater runoff is t
Page 118 and 119: data Sources, Methodologies, and CO
Page 120 and 121: Facilities described above must rep
Page 122 and 123: Data Processing RSEI calculates tox
Page 126 and 127: Cement Manufacturing 1. Facilities:
Page 128 and 129: 12. Charles Heizenroth, EPA, person
Page 130 and 131: Forest Products 1. Facilities: Cens
Page 132 and 133: 40. Includes direct discharges to w
Page 134 and 135: Public Data Release (PDR) (includes
Page 136: Advancing Port Sustainability, Janu
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