Colleges & universities 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-2005 Count of Colleges & Universities by State < 20 21 to 50 51 to 100 > 100 3,663 facilities 3,634 1% 1,258,979 employees 1,508,355 20% $270 billion revenue $341 billion 26% 36 Colleges & Universities <strong>2008</strong> SECTOR PERFORMANCE REPORT
Latest <strong>Environmental</strong> Statistics 2 Emissions of Criteria Air Pollutants: 73,000 tons Hazardous Waste Generated: 26,000 tons Hazardous Waste Managed: 24,000 tons The data discussed in this report are drawn from multiple public and private sources. See the Data Guide and the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter for important information and qualifications about how data are generated, synthesized, and presented. Profile The Colleges & Universities sector includes schools granting degrees at baccalaureate or graduate levels such as major universities, military academies, business colleges, medical and law schools, music conservatories, and seminaries. Facilities of the sector have a variety of environmental impacts across all environmental media. Campuses may, for example, operate power plants and wastewater treatment facilities, undertake construction projects, and maintain large areas of landscaping. Many consume large quantities of energy, generate tons of municipal waste and small quantities of hazardous wastes (primarily through laboratories), and manage stormwater runoff. Energy Use There are no aggregate national data on energy use at campuses in the United States. Campuses use energy in many types of facilities, including classroom buildings, residences, laboratories, performing arts venues, and sports facilities. Campus parking lots and walkways use electricity to provide lighting. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning units consume energy from natural gas, liquid propane, and electricity. Activities related to grounds keeping, transportation, and security also consume fossil fuels and electricity. Many schools are taking action to improve their energy efficiency. For example, more than 75 colleges and universities have pledged to purchase power from renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, and hydroelectric as part of EPA’s Green Power Partnership. Schools in the Partnership annually purchase more than 1 billion kilowatt hours of green power, which is enough to power nearly 100,000 average U.S. houses for a year. 3 Air Emissions Air emissions from the sector include criteria air pollutants (CAPs), greenhouse gases (GHGs), and others. The sector’s air emissions originate primarily from fossil fuel combustion, but also from various sources such as construction, laboratory chemical reactions, and refrigeration systems. Indirect air emissions include emissions related to vehicle use and maintenance, campus transit systems, commuting, deliveries, and generation of purchased electricity. <strong>Sector</strong>-wide air emission information is not available, although some facilities are conducting emission inventories. Saving Energy and Reducing Emissions with CHP Kent State University in Ohio took energy efficiency a step further by generating its own power with a new combined heat and power (CHP) plant that also is a working lab. CHP, also called cogeneration, increases energy efficiency through onsite production of thermal energy and electricity from a single fuel source. The system’s 13-megawatt, natural gas-fired turbines produce almost 90% of the university’s electricity during the winter and 60% during the summer. The system also uses waste heat from the turbines to produce half of the university’s steam. The overall system reduces direct carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions by an estimated 13,000 tons per year, equivalent to the emissions from 2,100 cars. Kent State received a 2006 EPA ENERGY STAR CHP award for this effort. 4 <strong>2008</strong> SECTOR PERFORMANCE REPORT Colleges & Universities 37
- Page 1 and 2: 2008 Sector Performance rePort
- Page 3: table of Contents i Preface 1 Execu
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- Page 24 and 25: Cement Manufacturing 1 AT A GLANCE
- Page 26 and 27: equires 32% more energy per ton of
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Figure 2 Al TRI HA s Air Emissions
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energy technologies, and improving
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Paint & Coatings 1 AT A GLANCE 1996
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Figure 1 Air Emissions Reported to
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Owned Treatment Works, but may also
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Ports 1 AT A GLANCE 2005: 360 publi
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Increasing Use of Solar Power The P
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developing retrofit and replacement
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“invasive” if they are capable
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shipbuilding & ship repair 1 AT A G
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of marine coatings. CAPs and GHGs a
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Table 1 Top TRI Air Emissions 2005
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Shipyards’ stormwater runoff is t
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data Sources, Methodologies, and CO
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Facilities described above must rep
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Data Processing RSEI calculates tox
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• Section 6.2: Transfers to other
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Cement Manufacturing 1. Facilities:
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12. Charles Heizenroth, EPA, person
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Forest Products 1. Facilities: Cens
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40. Includes direct discharges to w
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Public Data Release (PDR) (includes
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Advancing Port Sustainability, Janu