2008 Sector Performance Report - US Environmental Protection ...

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Key to our work is collaboration with numerous stakeholders, including particular trade associations that participate in our program. They are: Cement Manufacturing Chemical Manufacturing Colleges & Universities Construction Food & Beverage Manufacturing Forest Products Iron & Steel Metal Casting Oil & Gas Paint & Coatings Portland Cement Association American Chemistry Council Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers Association American Council on Education Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education Association of Higher Education Facilities Officers Campus Consortium for Environmental Excellence Campus Safety, Health and Environmental Management Association National Association of College and University Business Officers Associated General Contractors of America American Meat Institute Grocery Manufacturers Association American Forest & Paper Association American Iron and Steel Institute Steel Manufacturers Association American Foundry Society North American Die Casting Association American Petroleum Institute American Exploration and Production Council Independent Petroleum Association of America National Paint & Coatings Association unlike TRI, BR tracks entire waste streams, rather than only certain chemicals. Key Data Considerations Sector Definitions Many data sources reflect only certain segments of a sector; others define certain sectors more broadly than we do. Most often, sectors are defined either by standard classification codes, such as the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), or by lists of facilities based on our sector definitions. Endnotes for each chapter, and the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter, clarify how each sector is defined for our work and for the various databases used to generate data. Data Completeness Reporting thresholds and other factors influence how many facilities report to a given database and the extent to which they report on their overall footprint. The number of facilities within a sector that report to a particular database, or that report different media impacts within a database (such as air or water), can differ significantly, even within a sector. See the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter and sector chapter endnotes for discussion of data completeness. Currency of Data We use the most recent data available, but few databases are updated at the same time. See individual endnotes and the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter for information about the currency of the underlying data. Depending on data availability, the time period covered may vary from the years this report generally covers, which are 1996-2005. Drivers and Barriers The Sector Strategies Program analyzes many regulatory and nonregulatory factors that affect environmental management decisions among facilities in a given sector. These behavioral leverage points can influence the environmental performance of a facility or sector on one or more metrics. We consider these legal, technical, economic, behavioral, and other factors to be better able to develop policy and program actions that will provide strong drivers and reduce major barriers to improved environmental performance. However, the factors are beyond the scope of this report, which focuses on available quantitative data trends. Ports Shipbuilding & Ship Repair American Association of Port Authorities American Shipbuilding Association Shipbuilders Council of America ii Preface 2008 SECTOR PERFORMANCE REPORT
This report presents the latest environmental performance information for 12 sectors. Because every sector is unique, sector chapters provide maps, economic information, and detailed explanations, analysis, and discussions of the data presented. To provide context for the report, this Executive Summary begins by presenting the impacts of all 12 sectors using several national and global indicators. 1 sector-specific data gathered side-by-side for the 9 sectors with the most environmental data. The data discussed in this report are drawn from multiple public and private sources. See the Data Guide and the Data Sources, Methodologies, and Considerations chapter for important information and qualifications about how data are generated, synthesized, and presented. Comparing data across sectors can illuminate broader trends and opportunities. This Executive Summary includes executive summary Economic Overview Global Standing: Examples Number of Facilities 856,836 Employment Economic Productivity Value of Shipments & Construction Put in Place Revenue Colleges & Universities Ports 12.6 million — more than 10% of U.S. workers $3.2 trillion — with Revenue, below, 28% of Gross Domestic Product $341 billion $5.5 billion Latest Environmental Statistics Cement Manufacturing Chemical Manufacturing Construction Food & Beverage Manufacturing Forest Products Iron & Steel U.S. is third, behind China and India U.S. is world’s largest producer, generating more than $635 billion a year U.S. is first, with spending of $873.1 billion in 2003 — out of $3.98 trillion spent by the 55 largest nations U.S. is second, behind the European Union, and followed by Japan and China U.S. is world’s largest producer and consumer U.S. is third behind China, which makes nearly four times more, and Japan Energy Use Emissions of Criteria Air Pollutants Air Emissions (TRI) Water Discharges (TRI) Land Disposals (TRI) Recycling, Energy Recovery, or Treatment (TRI) Hazardous Waste Generated 14.5 quadrillion Btu 5.8 million tons 519.5 million pounds 178.2 million pounds 658.1 million pounds 14.8 billion pounds 30.6 million tons General Comparisons Mostly Small Businesses Most Widespread Most Concentrated Include Government Facilities Construction, Metal Casting, Shipbuilding & Ship Repair Construction, Colleges & Universities, Food & Beverage Manufacturing Iron & Steel, Ports, Shipbuilding & Ship Repair Colleges & Universities, Ports, Shipbuilding & Ship Repair Economic Trends 1996-2005 Facilities Employees Value of Shipments, Value of Construction Put in Place, or Revenue Three sectors ended the period having added facilities, led by Construction. At least half of the sectors ended with fewer facilities. The 12 sectors were split in terms of whether they added or lost employees. At least 9 sectors showed increases that were, in many cases, significant. 2008 SECTOR PERFORMANCE REPORT Executive Summary 1
Page 1 and 2: 2008 Sector Performance rePort
Page 3: table of Contents i Preface 1 Execu
Page 8 and 9: Energy Use The eight sectors for wh
Page 10 and 11: Sector Data Side by Side The follow
Page 12 and 13: TRI Air Emissions Across Sectors 19
Page 14 and 15: TRI Waste Management Across Sectors
Page 16 and 17: This report relies upon a variety o
Page 18 and 19: TABLE 3 Economic Activity Data for
Page 20 and 21: Presentation of TRI Air Emissions D
Page 22 and 23: Presentation 500,000,000 of TRI Was
Page 24 and 25: Cement Manufacturing 1 AT A GLANCE
Page 26 and 27: equires 32% more energy per ton of
Page 28 and 29: Summing the Toxicity Scores for all
Page 30 and 31: l t , r t i t i Figure 3 Cement Kil
Page 32 and 33: ChemiCal manufaCturing 1 AT A GLANC
Page 34 and 35: Chemical facilities purchase electr
Page 36 and 37: conservatively assumes that chemica
Page 38 and 39: Balanced Water Use at BASF Supply U
Page 40 and 41: Waste Management Reported to TRI In
Page 42 and 43: Colleges & universities 1 AT A GLAN
Page 44 and 45: Criteria Air Pollutants Most CAP em
Page 46 and 47: Construction 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-200
Page 48 and 49: Figure 1 Fuel Use for Energy 2002 E
Page 50 and 51: Figure 4 Trends in Construction and
Page 52 and 53: Food & Beverage Manufacturing 1 AT
Page 54 and 55: Figure 2 Air Emissions Reported to
Page 56 and 57:
associations, or government agencie
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disposed or released to air or wate
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Forest Products 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-
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2002 the manufacture of wood produc
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emission controls to the pulping, p
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Water discharges became a major foc
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Iron & Steel 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-200
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ton of steel shipped improved over
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existing, high-toxicity weighting f
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water that has been reused. Typical
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Metal Casting 1 AT A GLANCE 1996-20
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using a cupola furnace can dehumidi
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Table 1 presents the top TRI-report
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Waste Management Reported to TRI hi
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Oil & Gas AT A GLANCE 1996-2005 1,2
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equipment helps recover the gas. In
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The most widely used EOR technique
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Petroleum refining Latest Environme
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Figure 2 Al TRI HA s Air Emissions
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energy technologies, and improving
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Paint & Coatings 1 AT A GLANCE 1996
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Figure 1 Air Emissions Reported to
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Owned Treatment Works, but may also
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Ports 1 AT A GLANCE 2005: 360 publi
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Increasing Use of Solar Power The P
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developing retrofit and replacement
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“invasive” if they are capable
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shipbuilding & ship repair 1 AT A G
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of marine coatings. CAPs and GHGs a
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Table 1 Top TRI Air Emissions 2005
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Shipyards’ stormwater runoff is t
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data Sources, Methodologies, and CO
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Facilities described above must rep
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Data Processing RSEI calculates tox
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• Section 6.2: Transfers to other
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Cement Manufacturing 1. Facilities:
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12. Charles Heizenroth, EPA, person
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Forest Products 1. Facilities: Cens
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40. Includes direct discharges to w
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Public Data Release (PDR) (includes
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Advancing Port Sustainability, Janu
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