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90Other Piers - SandAdditional to aggregate pier, loess and cement composition piers, the construction of sandpiers was also performed. Coincidentally, the particle size distribution curve for sandmaterial appeared to have a very similar with the gradation curve for 1/10 th scale aggregatepier aggregate (Figure 46). However in spite of similarities in gradation, the friction angle fora typical sand material like Ottawa standard sand is known to vary between 28 and 35degrees (Holtz and Kovacs, 1981), and, therefore, the modulus of the sand pier wasanticipated to be lower than for aggregate pier.