G MS THESIS_final version_Maxim Prokudin.pdf - Digital Repository ...

106The stress-settlement plots constructed in Figure 59 through Figure 70 were used to obtainpier stiffness, stiffness and top and bottom displacement information provided in Table 24.Table 24: Stress, stiffness and deflection comparison measurements for load test resultsfor single piers of various mixesPier type 2Aggregate PierLength(mm)k at δ top =2 mm(kPa/mm)σ at δ top= 2 mm(kPa)σ at δ top =5 mm(kPa)σ at δ top =10 mm(kPa)δ tell-tale atδ top = 10mm (mm)Ratio δ tell-tale/ δ top at δ top =10 mm305 222 443 774 1,044 0.75 0.08Truncated Cone 610 247 494 789 1,028 0.08 0.01Aggregate Pier 305 246 491 732 960 0.22 0.02w/cem. bulb 610 170 341 904 1,304 1.90 0.19Aggregate Pier 305 254 509 958 1,385 2.00 0.20w/ cem. top 610 370 740 1,341 1,726 0.76 0.08Loess 100mm. + fiber305 105 211 475 667 0.70 0.07610 125 251 496 771 0.00 0.00Loess + cement305 364 729 1,258 1,570 6.46 0.65610 576 1,153 1,436 1,467 0.74 0.07Loess + fiber + 305 241 483 794 1,062 7.85 0.79cement 610 259 518 1,491 1,804 2.03 1 0.20C(1) + C(K)305 227 453 960 1,363 6.03 0.60610 488 975 1,974 2,393 4.61 0.46C(1) + C(K) + 305 333 667 1,028 1,200 10.13 1.01NS7 610 624 1,247 1,749 1,944 6.49 0.65C(1) + NS7305 261 523 1,044 1,327 9.31 0.93610 565 1,130 1,611 1,765 6.38 0.64Sand305 353 707 902 998 0.73 0.07610 356 712 1,103 1,295 0.20 0.02Loess — 173 347 521 689 — —Legend:1 no 10 mm reading, maximum top of pier deflection 9.13 mm2 all scaled piers were constructed using truncated cone beveled tamper headk - stiffness modulus (kPa/mm)δ top - deflection at the top of the pier (mm)δ tell-tale - deflection at the bottom of the pier (mm)σ – stiffness of the pier (kPa)Ratio δ top / δ tell-tale = 10mm / δ tell-taleConversions:1 m = 3.3 ft1 mm = 0.0394 in1 kPa = 0.145 psi1 kg/m 3 = 0.0624 pcfEvaluation of the information collected from the stress-settlement plots was performed on thebasis of service and ultimate load conditions. The displacement at the top of the pier at 2 mmand 5 mm was assumed to represent the service load conditions, while 10 mm displacementwas treated as a maximum or ultimate amount of settlement. The piers that were not loaded