G MS THESIS_final version_Maxim Prokudin.pdf - Digital Repository ...

109The failure mechanism of other piers composed of cement as a main component wasprojected to develop through plunging, where little to no material deformation was to beobserved and, therefore, no bulging deformation was to occur (Table 26). Short 305 mmaggregate pier was also subjected to failure through plunging.Pier typeAggregatePier -TruncatedAggregatePier w/cem.bulbAggregatePier w/cem.top 100mm.Loess +fiberTable 26: Ultimate bearing capacity due to plunging failure for single piersH shaft γ dry loess d shaft d nominal(mm) (kg/m 3 ) (mm) (mm)N c N γ N q(mm)d f f s C u topσ v’q shaft q tip(kg/m 2 ) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa)q ult (kPa)305 1,588 84 76 37 19 22 25 489 40 5 85 1,606 1,690305COMPLICATED MECHANISM OF FAILURE305FAILURE BY BULGING, HOWEVER FRICTION ANGLE OF LOESS AND FIBER COMPOSITION IS305UNKNOWNLoess +cementLoess +fiber +cementC(I) + C(K)305 BRITTLE FAILURE BY SHEARING AT TOP PORTION OF THE PIER3056101,5171,554848476763737305 1,559 76 76 37610 1,554 76 76 3719192222252546788919 22 25 48019 22 25 889313759813071,2661,59641 5 75 1,63941 9 279 1,7441,3471,9031,7152,023C(I) + C(K)3051,512767637192225466355731,4131,486+ NS76101,5727676371922259004492731,8582,140C(I) + NS73056101,5641,6137876767637371919222225254829234443510762901,7511,8261,8272,116Sand 305 FAILURE BY BULGINGLoess — 1,550 — — 37 19 22 — — — — — — 1,460Legend:φ p loess = 30°H shaft - length of the pier (mm)γ dry loess - dry unit weight (kg/m 3 )d shaft - diameter of the pier * 1.1 due to bulging (mm)d nominal - diameter of the pier cavity (mm)d f - footing depth (mm)N c, N q, N γ - Terzaghi's Bering Capacity Factorsf s - unit friction along pier shaftC u top - undrained shear strength (kPa)σ' v - overburden stress at the elevationof the pier tip (kPa)q shaft - bearing capacity due to shaftfriction (kPa)q tip - bearing capacity due to tip endbearing (kPa)q ult - ultimate bearing capacity due topier plunging (kPa)Conversions:1 m = 3.3 ft1 mm = 0.0394 in1 kPa = 0.145 psi1 kg/m 3 = 0.0624 pcf