2.1 Overview of the Proposed Project - Keystone XL pipeline - US ...

Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact StatementKeystone XL Projectpowered rectifier and an anode, or array of anodes, buried in the ground (the anode groundbed).A rectifier is an electrical device that converts AC, which periodically reverses direction, to DC,which flows in only one direction. The process is known as rectification. Rectifiers are oftenfound serving as components of DC power supplies and high-voltage DC power transmissionsystems. The primary impressed current CP systems would be rectifiers coupled to semi-deepvertical anode beds at each pump station, as well as rectifiers coupled to deep-well anode beds atselected IMLV sites. During operation, the CP system would be monitored and remediationperformed to prolong the anode bed and systems. The semi-deep anode beds would be 12-inchdiametervertical holes spaced 15 feet apart with a bottom hole depth of approximately 45 feet.The deep-well anode bed would be a single 12-inch-diameter vertical hole with a bottom holedepth of approximately 300 feet.2.1.7.2 Pipeline Construction ProceduresKeystone is a limited partnership, organized under the laws of the State of Delaware. Keystone isthe entity that would be responsible for construction of the pipeline if approved. To construct,operate, and maintain the proposed Project, Keystone would need the rights to easements alongthe entire proposed route. Keystone is responsible for acquiring easement rights from landownersalong the route in each state. Easement agreements would list the conditions that both thelandowner and Keystone agree to, including financial compensation to the landowners in returnfor granting easements. Compensation would also be made for loss of use during construction,crop loss, loss of non-renewable or other resources, and restoration of any unavoidable damageto personal property during construction. The Department expects Keystone to negotiate fairly,honestly, and respectfully with landowners when they negotiate an easement. However, thosenegotiations and final agreements are private business concerns between the landowners andKeystone.If Keystone obtains all necessary permits and approvals and an easement negotiation cannot becompleted in a manner suitable to both parties, Keystone may attempt to use state eminentdomain laws to obtain easements needed for pipeline construction, maintenance, and operation.State laws dictate under what circumstances eminent domain may be used and define the eminentdomain process within the state. The level of compensation would be determined according toapplicable state law. State or local trespass and access laws are applicable along the entire routeand therefore along each easement negotiated by Keystone and the landowner or obtained byKeystone through the eminent domain process. The Department has no legal authority overnegotiating easement agreements and has no legal status to enforce the conditions of an easementagreement. A landowner who considers Keystone to be out of compliance with an easementagreement would need to discuss the matter with Keystone or local law enforcement officials, orinitiate legal consultation.Once engineering surveys of the ROW centerline and additional TWAs have been finalized, andthe acquisition of ROW easements and any necessary acquisitions of property-in-fee have beencompleted, construction would begin. As proposed, the pipeline would be constructed in 10spreads (or sequences) of approximately 45 to 120 miles long (see Table 2.1-13). Final spreadconfigurations and the final construction schedule may result in the use of additional spreads orfewer shorter or longer spreads. Figure 2.1.7-1 depicts the approximate location of each spread.Project Description 2.1-38 March 2013