2.1 Overview of the Proposed Project - Keystone XL pipeline - US ...

Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact StatementKeystone XL ProjectTypes of emergency response equipment situated along the pipeline route would include pick-uptrucks, one-ton trucks and vans; vacuum trucks; work and safety boats; containment boom;skimmers; pumps, hoses, fittings and valves; generators and extension cords; air compressors;floodlights; communications equipment including cell phones, two way radios, and satellitephones; containment tanks and rubber bladders; expendable supplies including absorbent boomsand pads; assorted hand and power tools including shovels, manure forks, sledge hammers,rakes, hand saws, wire cutters, cable cutters, bolt cutters, pliers and chain saws; ropes, chains,screw anchors, clevis pins and other boom connection devices; personnel protective equipmentincluding rubber gloves, chest and hip waders and airborne contaminant detection equipment;and wind socks, signage, air horns, flashlights, megaphones and fluorescent safety vests.Emergency response equipment would be maintained and tested in accordance withmanufacturers recommendations. These materials would be stored in a trailer; the locationswould be determined once the system design is complete and the analysis of risk finalizedAdditional equipment, including helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, all-terrain vehicles,snowmobiles, backhoes, dump trucks, watercraft, bull dozers, and front-end loaders could alsobe accessed depending upon site-specific circumstances. Other types, numbers, and locations ofequipment would be determined upon conclusion of the pipeline detailed design and thecompletion of the PSRP and the ERP for the proposed Project.Several federal regulations define the notification requirements and response actions in the caseof an accidental release, including the 40 CFR Part 300 (National Oil and Hazardous SubstancesPollution Contingency Plan), the Clean Water Act, and Oil Pollution Act of1990.If an accidentalspill occurs, Keystone would implement several procedures to mitigate damage, including a lineshut down. Other procedures would include immediate dispatch of a first responder to verify therelease and secure the site. Simultaneously, an Incident Command System would beimplemented and internal and external notifications would take place. The National ResponseCenter would be notified if the spill meets one of the prescribed criteria. Keystone and theNational Response Center would also notify other regional and local emergency responseagencies as quickly as possible. All of this information would be included in the ERP for theproposed Project.In the event of a suspected leak or if a spill is reported to the OCC, after verification there wouldbe an emergency pipeline shutdown. Details on the type of verification to be used, whatconditions get reported, and what magnitude release would trigger a shutdown are provided inAppendix I, SPCC and ERP. This would involve stopping all operating pumping units at allpump stations. The on-call response designate would respond to and verify an incident. Once theOCC notifies the individual and an assessment of the probability and risk is established, fieldpersonnel could elect to dispatch other resources as soon as practical. Response efforts wouldfirst be directed to preventing or limiting any further contamination of the waterway, once anyconcerns with respect to health and safety of the responders have been addressed.A review of PHMSA data related to pipeline accidents indicates that most explosions occur inpipelines that are transporting highly flammable, highly volatile hydrocarbons such as naturalgas, liquid propane gas, propane, gasoline, naphtha, or similar products. For an ignition to occur,produced vapors must be above the lower flammability limit of the vapor and sufficient oxygenand an ignition source present. Within a pipeline, oxygen conditions are too low and an ignitionsource is not present, so an explosion within the pipeline is unlikely.Project Description 2.1-73 March 2013