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Chapter 6 - STI and HIV Prevention6.1 Positive or NegativeObjectives 1. To discuss the factors that make men and women vulnerable to HIV/AIDSAudienceTimeAge: Youth or adults; Sex: Men or mixed groups; Literacy: Medium; Resources:LowOne hour and 30 minutesMaterials • Small pieces of paper with selected profiles from Resource Sheet 8: HIV•ProfilesPieces of paper with positive and negative symbols written on themAdvancepreparationPrior to the session, choose five profiles from the Resource Sheet or create fiveprofiles that would best fit the context in which you are working. Write these phraseson small pieces of paper (one per paper). Note: The facilitator should not includethe HIV/AIDS test results on these pieces of paper. These results are only to berevealed later in the activity.Steps 1. Explain to the participants that this activity is to discuss men’s and women’svulnerability to HIV/AIDS.2. Review with the participants what HIV/AIDS is and how it is transmitted. Note:The time necessary for this review will be based on the background knowledge ofthe group. It is important, however, that the participants have a clearunderstanding of how HIV/AIDS is transmitted before they start this activity.3. Ask for five volunteers. Distribute the profiles you have written on the smallpieces of paper or for low-literacy groups, whisper a profile to each participant.Tell the volunteers they are going to put themselves in the shoes of the personwhose profile they received.4. Ask each volunteer to introduce herself to the larger group, according to theprofile that s/he received. Each volunteer should give his or her character a nameand feel free to incorporate mannerisms and behaviors into the presentation ofthe character.5. Explain to the other participants that they should ask questions to get to knowthese five characters better. Emphasize to the volunteers playing the charactersthat they should be creative in answering the questions, while always keeping theprofile descriptions in mind.6. After approximately 20 to 25 minutes of introductions and questions, thefacilitator should tell the group that these five women have gone in for anHIV/AIDS test and are about to receive the results. Ask them what they thinkwill be the results of each woman’s test.7. Distribute the test results to each participant playing a role (these should be basedon the results provided in the Resource Sheet alongside each profile), and thenshare these with the larger group.46
8. Use the questions below to facilitate a discussion about the group’s reactions tothe results and the complexities of men’s and women’s vulnerability toHIV/AIDS:? To the volunteers: How did you feel representing these characters? How did youfeel when you received the test result? Was the result what you expected based onthe description of your character? If not, why not?? Are these men’s and women’s experiences common? Does anyone know of anysimilar situations?? What characteristics are often associated with these men and women?? What are some explanations for the different results these men and womenreceived?? Were men or women more vulnerable in the sexual situations discussed in thecase studies?? How could the men in the case studies have used their privilege and powerdifferently?? What kinds of factors (social, economic, political) make men and women morevulnerable to HIV infection?? How can men and women protect themselves from HIV?? Do couples generally talk about HIV/AIDS? Why or why not?? What factors might inhibit a man from talking to his partner about HIV/AIDS?What factors might inhibit a woman from talking to her partner aboutHIV/AIDS?? What support do couples need to protect themselves from STIs and HIV? Is thiskind of support available in the community?? What have you learned in this activity? Have you learned anything that could beapplied to your own life and relationships?ClosingMen’s and women’s vulnerability to HIV/AIDS is largely determined by gendernorms about sexuality. It is often assumed that “real men” have lots of sexualrelations and that women should be coy and passive in sexual matters. As a result,women might not always have the power and/or skills to communicate and negotiatesexual behaviors and methods of prevention. Other factors, such as poverty, make iteven less likely that men and women will be able to negotiate protection or evenaccess important health information and services. Promoting women’s rights to befree from discrimination, coercion, and violence is an important step towardreducing vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. It is just as important to involve men indiscussions about the role of negative gender norms and encourage them to discussHIV/AIDS prevention with their partners.47
Page 1 and 2: Engaging Men and Boys inGender Norm
Page 3 and 4: Table of ContentsI. Introduction 31
Page 6 and 7: contribute to, and benefit from, al
Page 8 and 9: Introduction tothe EcologicalModelT
Page 10 and 11: EngenderHealth is an international
Page 13 and 14: Objectives1.2 Learning About Gender
Page 15 and 16: Handout 1A: The Gender GameThe Gend
Page 17 and 18: 1.3 Act Like a ManObjectives 1. To
Page 19 and 20: TrainingOptionsand society about ho
Page 21 and 22: ObjectivesAudience1.4 Persons and T
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 2 - Sexuality2.1 Understand
Page 25 and 26: Handout 2A: Definitions and Questio
Page 27 and 28: Handout 2C: Definitions for Circles
Page 29 and 30: 2.2 Want…Don’t Want…Want…Do
Page 31 and 32: make their own decisions about sex
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 3 - Men and Health3.1 Carin
Page 35 and 36: Resource Sheet 5: Gender and Health
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 4 - Substance Use4.1 The Ri
Page 39 and 40: elieve that using alcohol helps pro
Page 41 and 42: Handout 4A: Personal Attitudes and
Page 43 and 44: Handout 4B: Individual Questionnair
Page 45: to consent to sexual activity.5. Ex
Page 49 and 50: ObjectivesAudience6.2 Levels of HIV
Page 51 and 52: Handout 6A: Levels of Risk for HIV
Page 53 and 54: 1. I am at risk when I think that n
Page 55 and 56: 6.4 Multiple Sexual Partners, Cross
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 7 - Living with HIV7.1 Posi
Page 60 and 61: ClosingNowadays, with advances in m
Page 62 and 63: 7.2 Men, Women, and CaregivingObjec
Page 64 and 65: After considering the specific grou
Page 66 and 67: Resource Sheet: HIV and CaregivingW
Page 68 and 69: 2. Using the talking stick, invite
Page 70 and 71: Handout 8A: Case Studies on Violenc
Page 72 and 73: Objectives8.2 Sexual Violence in th
Page 74 and 75: Chapter 9 - Making Change, Taking A
Page 76 and 77: 9.2 New Kinds of CourageObjectivesA
Page 78 and 79: 9.3 Don’t Stand By, Take ActionOb
Page 81 and 82: Handout 9A: What Men Can Do as Acti
Page 83 and 84: 9.4 Men Holding Men AccountableObje
Page 85 and 86: Chapter 10 - Introductory Activitie
Page 87 and 88: Objectives10.2 What Does Community
Page 89 and 90: Handout 10A: Definitions of Communi
Page 91 and 92: Handout 11A: Theatrical Performance
Page 93 and 94: Sebatha came up with the idea of us
Page 95 and 96: Handout 11C: Painting Murals to Eng
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? How can campaigns change these mi
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Handout 11D: Media Campaigns and So
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Handout 11E: Creating Media Campaig
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Resource Sheet : Examples of Social
Page 105 and 106:
(Translation: Man with a capital M.
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Handout 11F: Health FairsWhen desig
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7. Ask participants for suggestions
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11.6ObjectivesTimeTalk Shows1. To e
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may not have acted before.3. Afterw
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11.7ObjectivesTimeMarches/Rallies L
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11.8ObjectivesTimeReaching Men Thro
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11.9ObjectivesTimeDoor-to-Door Visi
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11.11Action PlanningObjectives 1. T
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Handout 11L: Detailed Activity Info
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Training TipShuffle the male involv
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• Clinical Male Reproductive Heal
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12.2 Getting Tested for HIVObjectiv
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