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ClosingNowadays, with advances in medicine and pharmacological resources and a greaterunderstanding of HIV/AIDS itself, the quality of life of people with HIV/AIDShas increased considerably. This means that PLWHAs can live lives that are similarto the rest of society. For example, they can continue to date, marry, have an activesexual life, bear children, and work.However, PLWHAs often suffer prejudice and discrimination in society and requirespecial health treatments and medications. Above all, they require and want respectand dignity. There are more and more people who have been infected for a longtime and who lead active and productive lives (try to find examples in yourcommunity, country, or region.). They are proof that a life with HIV/AIDS is notone that is “over,” but rather one that “continues.” To this end, it is fundamentalthat you and other people do your part to help build a community that is just andsupportive of all people, including those living with HIV/AIDS.Women are more heavily affected by HIV/AIDS than men. The health care offamily members is only one of women’s many responsibilities . This care is free, butit has a cost! If they are ill themselves or caring for ill people, women cannot dotheir other work. This has a serious impact on the long term well-being of thehousehold. Women bear a burden of guilt, fearing the possibly of infecting theirchildren. Living with the discrimination and stigma increases stress. Care does notend with the death of the person with AIDS. Women are often blamed for nothaving cared for the husband enough. Some are even accused of being a witch.Care of orphans fall on grandmothers and aunts. Women caregivers are often HIVpositivethemselves.Gender roles affect the way men deal with HIV/AIDS. Gender roles can harmthe health and well-being of men living with HIV. Research has shown that menchoose not to get involved in care and support activities because of fears of beingridiculed for doing women’s work. 26 Similarly, gender roles encourage men to viewseeking help as a sign of weakness. This prevents men from seeking counseling andsupport when they are infected and/or ill. This belief also prevents men fromsupporting each other in dealing with HIV/AIDS. These same gender roles alsoincrease the likelihood that men might use alcohol, drugs, or sex to ease feelings ofdespair and fear.Men can play a greater role in reducing the impact of HIV/AIDS. We needto help and challenge men to get more involved in care and support activities. Mencan also talk with the women in their lives about sharing the tasks in the family orhousehold more equally. This would reduce the burden on women. Men have acritical role to play in supporting other men to deal with HIV/AIDS, bothemotionally and practically.26 For instance, in a 1998 UNAIDS study, the authors revealed that in Kyela, Tanzania “male heads of households would wish to domore when their partners fell ill but were curtailed by cultural definitions of maleness and the roles defined which determinemasculinity.” Aggleton, P., & Warwick, I. 1998. A comparative analysis of findings from multisite studies of household and community responses toHIV and AIDS in developing countries. UNAIDS: Geneva.60
Handout 7A: General Life QuestionsAt home:1. How many people live together in your home?2. Do you do any housework?3. What is the atmosphere like in your home?4. How do you relate to the people that live in your home?At school:1. Do you go to school?2. Where do you study?3. What time?4. How many hours a day?5. What do you like most at school?6. What do you like least at school?Dating:1. Do you have a girlfriend (wife)?2. How long have you been going out?3. Do you generally see each other every day?4. Where do you go?5. What do you do together?6. What do you like most about her?7. What do you like the least about your relationship?At work:1. Do you work?2. What do you do?3. How many hours a day? What are your working hours?4. How do you get along with your colleagues?5. What do you expect from your job?With friends:1. When do you meet your friends (morning, afternoon, night)?2. What do you do together?3. Do you have a favorite place to go to (beach, bar, club, street, someone’s house)?4. Do you play any sport together?5. What do you do to have fun?Leisure:1. What are your leisure activities?2. Do you spend any time alone? How much? What do you generally do in this period?3. Do you do any activities by yourself? What? How often?61
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Engaging Men and Boys inGender Norm
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Table of ContentsI. Introduction 31
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contribute to, and benefit from, al
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Introduction tothe EcologicalModelT
Page 10 and 11: EngenderHealth is an international
Page 13 and 14: Objectives1.2 Learning About Gender
Page 15 and 16: Handout 1A: The Gender GameThe Gend
Page 17 and 18: 1.3 Act Like a ManObjectives 1. To
Page 19 and 20: TrainingOptionsand society about ho
Page 21 and 22: ObjectivesAudience1.4 Persons and T
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 2 - Sexuality2.1 Understand
Page 25 and 26: Handout 2A: Definitions and Questio
Page 27 and 28: Handout 2C: Definitions for Circles
Page 29 and 30: 2.2 Want…Don’t Want…Want…Do
Page 31 and 32: make their own decisions about sex
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 3 - Men and Health3.1 Carin
Page 35 and 36: Resource Sheet 5: Gender and Health
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 4 - Substance Use4.1 The Ri
Page 39 and 40: elieve that using alcohol helps pro
Page 41 and 42: Handout 4A: Personal Attitudes and
Page 43 and 44: Handout 4B: Individual Questionnair
Page 45 and 46: to consent to sexual activity.5. Ex
Page 47 and 48: 8. Use the questions below to facil
Page 49 and 50: ObjectivesAudience6.2 Levels of HIV
Page 51 and 52: Handout 6A: Levels of Risk for HIV
Page 53 and 54: 1. I am at risk when I think that n
Page 55 and 56: 6.4 Multiple Sexual Partners, Cross
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 7 - Living with HIV7.1 Posi
Page 62 and 63: 7.2 Men, Women, and CaregivingObjec
Page 64 and 65: After considering the specific grou
Page 66 and 67: Resource Sheet: HIV and CaregivingW
Page 68 and 69: 2. Using the talking stick, invite
Page 70 and 71: Handout 8A: Case Studies on Violenc
Page 72 and 73: Objectives8.2 Sexual Violence in th
Page 74 and 75: Chapter 9 - Making Change, Taking A
Page 76 and 77: 9.2 New Kinds of CourageObjectivesA
Page 78 and 79: 9.3 Don’t Stand By, Take ActionOb
Page 81 and 82: Handout 9A: What Men Can Do as Acti
Page 83 and 84: 9.4 Men Holding Men AccountableObje
Page 85 and 86: Chapter 10 - Introductory Activitie
Page 87 and 88: Objectives10.2 What Does Community
Page 89 and 90: Handout 10A: Definitions of Communi
Page 91 and 92: Handout 11A: Theatrical Performance
Page 93 and 94: Sebatha came up with the idea of us
Page 95 and 96: Handout 11C: Painting Murals to Eng
Page 97 and 98: ? How can campaigns change these mi
Page 99 and 100: Handout 11D: Media Campaigns and So
Page 101 and 102: Handout 11E: Creating Media Campaig
Page 103 and 104: Resource Sheet : Examples of Social
Page 105 and 106: (Translation: Man with a capital M.
Page 107 and 108: Handout 11F: Health FairsWhen desig
Page 109 and 110: 7. Ask participants for suggestions
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11.6ObjectivesTimeTalk Shows1. To e
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may not have acted before.3. Afterw
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11.7ObjectivesTimeMarches/Rallies L
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11.8ObjectivesTimeReaching Men Thro
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11.9ObjectivesTimeDoor-to-Door Visi
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11.11Action PlanningObjectives 1. T
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Handout 11L: Detailed Activity Info
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Training TipShuffle the male involv
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• Clinical Male Reproductive Heal
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12.2 Getting Tested for HIVObjectiv
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