landslide losses <strong>of</strong> $4 billion annually. The author looked at mitigation options available in Japan, examiningwhat ideas this country can take from their experiences, and also determined other possible methods <strong>of</strong>control that could be implemented in this country.The author finally analysed the significance <strong>of</strong> using “landslide hazard maps” <strong>to</strong> try <strong>to</strong> predict where the nextlandslide is set <strong>to</strong> strike. Hazard maps would aim <strong>to</strong> take all the fac<strong>to</strong>rs that a landslide needs in<strong>to</strong> account(steep slope, blanket peat, areas <strong>of</strong> heavy rainfall etc), place this information on a map <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ireland</strong> and determinethe high, medium and low risk areas in this country. Under conditions <strong>of</strong> environmental similarity, the spatialdistribution <strong>of</strong> past (relict) and recent slope-failures is the key for predicting slope movements in the future.Landslides and the Irish Planning ProcessSteve TonryThe project work for this degree was a review <strong>of</strong> the treatment <strong>of</strong> landslides in the Irish planning process withrecommendations for changes. Problems highlighted were the lack <strong>of</strong> a current database and mapping alongwith planning guidelines. A review <strong>of</strong> literature in <strong>Ireland</strong> and a comparison with the planning perspective inUSA, UK, Australia and EU was undertaken. On the Irish perspective, a review was undertaken <strong>of</strong> the role <strong>of</strong>Geology in EIS, the work <strong>of</strong> GSI and the LWG, status <strong>of</strong> a National Database, GIS and web use in this area andcost implications <strong>of</strong> change. Information was obtained from the LWG and a questionnaire was constructed foran evaluation <strong>of</strong> engineers and planners knowledge <strong>of</strong> the area. Conclusions pointed <strong>to</strong> the serious nature <strong>of</strong>the problem, the lack <strong>of</strong> policy and knowledge at present, the range <strong>of</strong> potential solutions available, and costbenefit <strong>of</strong> preventative action.8.5 RecommendationsFurther research is required in<strong>to</strong> understanding Landslides in the Irish context, particularly in the followingareas:Peat Strength and BehaviourStrength and Behaviour <strong>of</strong> Irish subsoils including glacial tillsMulti-disciplinary studies <strong>of</strong> landslide phenomenon (Geomorphology, Engineering, Biology <strong>of</strong> Peat,Climate, Planning)Likely effects <strong>of</strong> climate change on Landslide SusceptibilityIn particular, based on the results <strong>of</strong> research as outlined above, more informed research work can then becarried out in<strong>to</strong> the area <strong>of</strong> landslide susceptibility mapping and hazard and risk assessment <strong>to</strong> identifyareas which are subject <strong>to</strong> landslides or have the potential for landslides.This research requires access <strong>to</strong> existing research funding or preferably a new dedicated funding stream.In order <strong>to</strong> ensure that such research is relevant <strong>to</strong> tackling the issues raised by the work <strong>of</strong> the ILWG, it, or itssuccessor, should have a co-ordination or advisory role in the funding <strong>of</strong> such research.The Irish Landslides Database now constructed provides a vital resource for research on this <strong>to</strong>pic, it needs <strong>to</strong>be maintained and added <strong>to</strong> in the future <strong>to</strong> continue <strong>to</strong> be <strong>of</strong> value.The ILWG has acted <strong>to</strong> date as both a co-ordina<strong>to</strong>r and stimula<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> research in<strong>to</strong> this <strong>to</strong>pic, therefore it shouldcontinue this role in some form, after fulfilling its stated aims <strong>of</strong> constructing a national database and producingan Irish Landslide Booklet.88
9. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK9.1 IntroductionThe Irish Landslides Working Group recommends that a large body <strong>of</strong> research be completed with regard <strong>to</strong>landslide assessment hazard in <strong>Ireland</strong>, both in the short, medium, and long terms. The growing pressure fordevelopment in more marginal land areas, and the potential impacts <strong>of</strong> climate change, make further surveyingand research an important imperative on health and safety grounds and in the context <strong>of</strong> the sustainabledevelopment <strong>of</strong> the Irish landscape.Landslide hazard is a major geohazard and is included as a survey and research theme in the GeoscienceInitiative recently prepared by the <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Survey</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ireland</strong>, and currently being proposed <strong>to</strong> Government forfunding. In addition landslides are being examined in an all-<strong>Ireland</strong> context. There has been extensive cooperationbetween the <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Survey</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ireland</strong> and the <strong>Geological</strong> <strong>Survey</strong> <strong>of</strong> Northern <strong>Ireland</strong> on this andother geoscience themes. The work will require a multi-disciplinary team bringing <strong>to</strong>gether various types <strong>of</strong>expertise, and therefore a multi-agency approach.This landslides <strong>report</strong> lays the foundation <strong>of</strong> such research, in documenting the issues involved. Following fromthis there is an immediate need <strong>to</strong> increase public awareness about landslide risk in <strong>Ireland</strong>. In the medium <strong>to</strong>long terms, gaps in our knowledge about past landslide events should be filled, surveying work needs <strong>to</strong> bedone <strong>to</strong> produce landslide susceptibility maps for <strong>Ireland</strong>, and research on the geotechnical properties <strong>of</strong>landslide materials, such as peat, is required. Subsequent <strong>to</strong> this research, landslide issues need <strong>to</strong> be fullyintegrated in<strong>to</strong> the planning process through the publication <strong>of</strong> planning guidance.Several key recommendations for future work on landslides in <strong>Ireland</strong> follow. Much <strong>of</strong> this work, by its verynature, will run concurrently <strong>to</strong> some extent. This is the case with the landslide susceptibility mapping and theresearch on the geotechnical properties <strong>of</strong> the materials in landslides. Planning guidance must await theextensive data compilation from surveying and the production <strong>of</strong> landslide susceptibility maps.The project work has been put in<strong>to</strong> a broad order <strong>of</strong> priority <strong>to</strong> reflect the relative importance <strong>of</strong> the various workprogrammes. Within the second priority susceptibility mapping and landslides research are regarded as being<strong>of</strong> equal importance.For each project, the main objectives are set out and estimated costs given <strong>to</strong> reflect a three-year programmein all cases. These are followed by the list <strong>of</strong> specific tasks involved in the project.The concluding section will outline the strategic framework <strong>to</strong> implement this work programme.9.2 Recommendations for Future Work1. Public Awareness/OutreachIt is important that there is much greater public awareness <strong>of</strong> landslide hazard in <strong>Ireland</strong> so that the generalpublic know <strong>of</strong> the potential for slope instability in certain areas and the possible consequences in terms <strong>of</strong> lifeand property.Main Objectives• Increase public/private sec<strong>to</strong>r awareness <strong>of</strong> landslide hazard in <strong>Ireland</strong>• Provide practical support and guidance <strong>to</strong> developers/regula<strong>to</strong>rsSpecific Tasks• Widespread distribution <strong>of</strong> the Landslides Report, including press releases <strong>to</strong> national and localnewspapers• Presentation <strong>of</strong> workshops on landslide hazard in <strong>Ireland</strong>89
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Landslides in IrelandGeological Sur
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LANDSLIDESinIRELANDEditorRonnie Cre
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CONTENTSPreface ...................
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PREFACEUntil recently Ireland has b
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Main Objectives• Increase public/
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1. INTRODUCTIONRonnie Creighton1.1
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1.3 The Landslides PublicationThis
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Peat flows are not nearly so well d
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In Ireland the Quaternary or uncons
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3.7.4 Quaternary GeologyQuaternary
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3.8 The Derrybrien Landslide - 2003
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• The classification scheme shoul
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The force causing the block to slid
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5. LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING
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