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Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HALEA 2Archaeological Researchdiscovered a platform with a flat stone-paved top, 4½ by 8 feet, and 34 inches high,extending east and west. A few small shelters in ruins lie 50 yards beyond, one asmall wall a foot high around the mouth of a cave (Emory 1921:19).Emory recorded a stacked-basalt platform at the very top of the summit opposite Pu‘u‘Ula‘ula, which he termed “Summit Number 2” [Kolekole Hill]. The platform measured 20 ftlong by 4 ft wide, with the tallest portion of the base facing east (“towards the crater”) measuring3 ft in height. Emory noted a survey cairn erected on the east end of the platform. Emorydescribed six small nearby shelters as “in ruins”. In the vicinity of the Pu‘u ‘Ula‘ula platformand shelters, Emory located five sling-stones and two pieces of marine branch coral. Emory’ssurvey of the west slope of Pu‘u ‘Ula‘ula noted 25 stone shelters, and in the vicinity betweenPu‘u ‘Ula‘ula and Kolekole Hill, the survey noted a group of 8 or 9 stone shelters with “a greatmany small ahus (Emory 1921:19).Other structures on the rim described by Emory included two stacked-basalt platformslocated on the north rim of the crater during an exploration of the region from Hanakauhi toPalaha. The first platform was described as “merely a pavement of smooth rocks measuring 6 ftby 18 ft overlooking Kalua o Umi”. The second platform, located on the summit of Hanakauhi,was described as “completely in ruins”. According to Emory:Our attention was first directed to this platform by the following remark made inthe Coast and Geodetic Survey records of the station. For Hanakauhi, “StationMark: a pillar of stone 10 feet high on an ancient platform, maliciously demolishedin 1884 (Emory 1921:20).The summit of White Hill is completely covered with large, strongly constructedshelters. Just west of the summit cairn a crevice in a small cliff is sealed by stonesand cement. On the ground ten feet away is a table composed of four large, flatstones one on top of the other with cement in between. These are the work of W. D.Alexander during his survey of Haleakalā and together with the large stone corralnear by, should not be confused with Hawaiian structures in the crater (Emory1921:20).4.1.2 Pu‘u Naue GroupLocated in a 250-foot tall cinder cone in the center of the floor of Haleakalā Crater, precontacthistoric properties resident consisted of a complex of three stacked-basalt terracedplatforms. The north platform was described by Emory to have been “in ruins”. The southplatform, which was described as a rectangular platform measuring 26 ft (feet) long by 16 ftwide by 2 ft high, was pit-excavated to a depth of four feet. The excavation produced no “shells,artifacts, nor skeletal material”. The east platform, a polygon that measured 12 ft by 12 ft by 15.5ft by 11 ft, was trench-excavated, but no cultural deposits were found (Emory 1921:4).4.1.3 Burial Ahu in Kamoa O PeleLocated on the floor of the crater of Kamoa O Pele, a cinder cone close to the cinder conePu‘u Naue, was a pre-contact stacked-rock cairn (ahu) constructed to protect an individual burial(Emory 1921:5). After removing the basalt construction to ground level, a rectangular stone basemeasuring 6.5 feet by 5.5 feet was discovered. Further excavation revealed a human skeletonAPPENDIX F (2): Supplemental Cultural Impact Assessment For the Proposed Advanced 37Technology Solar Telescope (<strong>ATST</strong>) at Haleakalā High Altitude ObservatoriesTMK (2) 2-2-07:008
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HALEA 2Archaeological Researchplaced face downward. The excavation located two sticks of “Mamani” wood [mamane] oneither side of the remains; determined to have once been the frame of a stretcher used to conveythe body to the burial site. Further examination located fragments of a decayed calabash [gourd].A skull and jaw were found in good condition with the teeth exhibiting slight decay (two ofwhich were observed to have been lost during life), but lower body bones were in an advancedstate of decay. Skeletal remains were determined to have been of a Polynesian female, agedthirty-five years (Emory 1921:6).Following the excavations, the burial pit was refilled, and the ahu rebuilt to its originalheight. A profile drawing revealed that the skeletal remains were arrayed with the feet facingnorth. The entire skeleton had been laid flat, with the leg bones folded almost to the shoulder,and hands laid across the back. To Emory, the method of burial appeared, “grasshopper fashion”(Emory 1921:6).4.1.4 Halāli‘i GroupA cinder cone adjoining Kamoa O Pele, named Halāli‘i, included two craters separated by awall of consolidated cinder material one hundred feet high. Using an approach from the spattercone named Pa Pua‘a O Pele, located between Kamoa O Pele and Halāli‘i, access to a threetieredstacked basalt terrace 36 feet long was made. The uppermost step dropped one foot to thenext level, which was 26 inches wide. The next drop was 1.5 feet to a step 26 inches wide, andthe final drop was two feet to a step 26 inches wide. Standing at this terrace brought into view allthe other structures investigated within Halāli‘i Crater (Emory 1921:7).Other structures investigated within Halāli‘i Crater included:A suspected terrace covered by slide of cinders. A wall 25 feet long by two feethigh could be discerned, but excavation was not possible.A terraced platform 13 by 16 feet was excavated, but no cultural deposits werefound.A complex of three stacked-basalt terraces: the topmost terrace measuring 14 ftlong by 5.5 ft wide by 1.8 ft tall; the middle terrace measuring 12 ft long by 5.5 ft wideby 3.5 ft tall; and the bottom terrace measuring 9.5 ft long by 5.5 ft wide by 2.5 ft tall.On a level near the surface of the top terrace, Emory found fragments of varioushuman skeletal remains, including an adult tooth and a skull. Emory noted, “There wasa stone to the east of the skull, and a small stone resting on top of it (Emory 1921:9).A complex of five stacked-basalt terraces: the topmost terrace measuring 11 ft longby 7.3 ft wide by 2 ft tall; the second terrace measuring 18 ft long by 3 ft wide by 6 fttall; the middle terrace measuring 15 ft long by 7 ft wide by 4 ft tall; the fourth terracemeasuring 9.5 ft long by 5 ft wide by 1.3 ft tall; and the bottom terrace measuring 12 ftlong by 5 ft wide by 2 ft tall.Emory’s excavation notes of the topmost terrace included:We recovered bones of an adult female and a child of four years of age within thespace of the top terrace but also deep enough to have been in the fourth terrace. Theskull of the woman was missing, but the jawbone in good preservation lay right sideup 17 inches below the surface and 36 [inches] from the front wall of the fourthterrace. No teeth were found. Some of the molars had evidently been lost in life. RibsAPPENDIX F (2): Supplemental Cultural Impact Assessment For the Proposed Advanced 38Technology Solar Telescope (<strong>ATST</strong>) at Haleakalā High Altitude ObservatoriesTMK (2) 2-2-07:008
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