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Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HALEA 2Archaeological Research4.1.14 Hunter’s Cave TerracesAccording to testimony by Robert T. Aitken, a large hunter’s cave located under the east rimof the small crater known as Kalua o Aawa, half-way up the north wall of the crater of Haleakalā, was sealed over by a rockslide in 1918. The cave contained terrace construction similar tofeatures observed on the crater floor (Emory 1921:18).4.1.15 Lā‘ie GroupFour platforms, having their long dimensions east and west, were recorded by Emory on themargin of the Kalua o ‘Umi lava flow, between Lā‘ie Cave and the upper trail to Lā‘ie. Eachstacked-basalt platform was about 50 feet apart, and measured three feet high. The first platformmeasured 3 ft by 6 ft; the second 4 ft by 6ft; the third 3 ft by 6 ft; and the fourth 3 ft by 5 ft(Emory 1921:18)4.2 Other Archaeological StudiesWinslow Metcalf Walker, in his survey report entitled the Archaeology of Maui (Walker1931), discusses a heiau on Summit 1 (named Haleakalā) on the southern ridge of HaleakalāCrater in the neighboring moku of Kahikinui. A trail from the Nu‘u district, discussed in Emory'sreport, leads to the same peak on which the heiau, identified as Kemanono by Emory (Heiau site229; State site 50-50-16-3626; Bishop Museum number MH-41), is located.In 1963, Lloyd J. Soehren conducted An Archaeological Survey of Portions of East Maui(Soehren 1963). This report calls Emory's work "extensive", and focuses on the structural andfunctional interpretations of the sites within and around the perimeter of Haleakalā Crater. Basedon an early radiocarbon date obtained from Holua Cave (located along the Halemau‘u Trail onthe north side of the interior of the crater), Soehren suggests this region was being used prior to1000 A.D. The Haleakalā region is described as being primarily used as a traveling route fromone side of the island to the other, although Soehren also mentions bird hunting, and place ofrefuge for war victims as possible uses. He points toward the numerous ahu and stone shelters asevidence for cairns, markers, shrines and wind breaks associated with traveling. Severalarchaeological sites were ascribed with such traditional Hawaiian practices as umbilical cordofferings, ritual and family burial rites and the collection of raw materials for adze making(Soehren 1963: 111-116).Paul Rosendahl (1978) completed an archaeological reconnaissance for the proposedHaleakalā Highway Realignment Corridor. He reported 7 sites along the highway realignmentcorridor including cave shelters, a platform, cairns and walled shelters (Rosendahl 1978: 4).None of the sites found is in the present project area.In 1991, J.C. Chatters conducted a cultural resource inventory and evaluation for 7.7 acresassociated with the expansion of the Maui Space Surveillance Site located in Science City(Chatters 1991). Chatters identified four archaeological sites at the proposed location for MSSSexpansion, Sites 50-50-11-2805 through 50-50-11-2808. The recorded sites consist of 23 sheltersand a wall segment. A slingstone was found at site 50-50-11-2807 and a limpet shell wasidentified at site 50-50-11-2808 (Chatters 1991:13). Archaeological sites identified along thesummit region were interpreted as pre-contact temporary shelters made by travelers passingAPPENDIX F (2): Supplemental Cultural Impact Assessment For the Proposed Advanced 43Technology Solar Telescope (<strong>ATST</strong>) at Haleakalā High Altitude ObservatoriesTMK (2) 2-2-07:008
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HALEA 2Archaeological Researchthrough the region. No further archaeological work was recommended for the expansion of theMSS Site as the proposed construction would not affect the newly recorded sites.An archaeological inventory survey was conducted in Papa‘anui by Xamanek Researches (E.Fredericksen et al. 1996) for the then proposed GTE Hawaiian Telephone Haleakalā FiberOptics Ductline, Phase III project corridor. A total of four historic properties were identified as aresult of this study, none of which were found in the surveyed portion of Papa‘anui Ahupua‘a.Field inspections of localities at Haleakalā for the installation of Remote Weather Stationsincluded one locality within Papa‘anui Ahupua‘a (Folk and Hammatt 1997). A low L-shapedwall was identified on the north slope of Hanakauahi and interpreted as a temporary shelter orhunting blind for goat hunters.An archaeological inventory survey was conducted by Cultural Surveys Hawaii, Inc.(Bushnell and Hammatt 2000) in anticipation of the construction of the privately funded FaulkesTelescope. A total of two archaeological sites, State Inventory of Historic Places (SIHP)Numbers 50-50-11-4835 and -4836, were identified during the course of the inventory survey.SIHP -4835 consisted of two rock enclosures interpreted as trash burning pits associated with themilitary use of Kolekole. SIHP -4836 consisted of three terrace features, two enclosed andleveled areas, and one wall segment interpreted as pre-contact temporary habitation shelters.As a part of the Long-Range Management Plan for the University of Hawaii Institute forAstronomy High Altitude Observatories, Xamanek Researches (E. Fredericksen and D.Fredericksen 2003) conducted an archaeological inventory survey of the entire 18.166-acreparcel. This inventory survey resulted in the identification of six new historic properties (SIHPNos. -5438 through -5443), as well as additional documentation of previously recorded historicproperties (SIHP Nos -2805 through -2808 and -4836), Approximately 80% of the newlyidentified features were interpreted as temporary habitation sites and/or wind shelters while twofeatures consisted of petroglyph depictions and one site consisted of a possible burial feature.Finally, a late historic era former radio telescope facility built in 1952 was also recorded duringthe inventory process.Based on the overall findings of the above archaeological studies, it appears that the principalsite types at Haleakalā such as trails, platforms, adze quarries, caves, temporary shelters andcairns, seem to be associated with topographic or geomorphic locations (Chatters 1991).Platforms related to traditional Hawaiian ceremony are predominantly found along the craterfloor and at high promontory locations. Caves are often found on the crater rim. Temporaryshelters built against rock outcrops or boulders are found scattered along the crater rim andwithin the crater, but are concentrated on the leeward sides of cinder cones such as Pakaoao.Cairns or ahu are scattered over Haleakalā.APPENDIX F (2): Supplemental Cultural Impact Assessment For the Proposed Advanced 44Technology Solar Telescope (<strong>ATST</strong>) at Haleakalā High Altitude ObservatoriesTMK (2) 2-2-07:008
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