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Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HALEA 2Archaeological Researchand isolated vertebrae extended the width of the grave to the cliff where we found theentire skeleton of the child buried 32 inches deep, turned slightly to its left side, thehead towards the northeast. A toe bone was found five feet away, buried one footunder the east end of the platform, and some of the smaller bones were only one footunder the surface and next to the front wall (Emory 1921:10).There was very coarse gravel about the bones and large stones on all sides of them.In examining the bones from this terrace, Mr. Sullivan found an extra femur of a childabout three years of age. It is difficult to account for the absence of the long bones ofthe adult, which were searched for most thoroughly. Either they had been removedbefore the rest of the skeleton had been deposited, or the grave had been opened andthe missing parts removed. I think the latter explanation the more plausible, for noneof the bones were broken and some of the rib bones and vertebrae were in theirappropriate position (Emory 1921:10).While filling in the top terrace we started the sand sliding from above and broughtto view several small bleached fragments of bone and a large, badly weatheredjawbone with the teeth remaining in it. Bones of the same skeleton were found bydigging along the edge of the dike and a pelvic bone was recovered from from acrevice in the cliff a foot and a half under the sand. By the side of it were fragments ofdecayed wood, probably mamani, and bits of calabash or gourd. The bones were thoseof a man about sixty years of age and well above the average height. Only a few teethwere left on the lower jaw; the skull and long bones were missing (Emory 1921:10).Although Emory noted that excavation of the middle terrace “revealed nothing”, his notesregarding the fourth terrace include a description of a small sub-terrace, measuring 4 ft by 2 ft by5 ft tall. Following the recovery of two beach pebbles that Emory interpreted as sling stones, hecommenced further excavation:Against the cliff wall, 34 inches beneath the surface of the terrace, a rib bone wasfound. After some difficult excavation in sliding gravels, we found a small skull,face down, slightly turned to the south, and below this a smaller skull filled withbroken bones, and then a third very small skull and jaw. Scattered bones were alsofound. The largest skull was that of a man about sixty years of age who had lostduring life most of his molar and premolar teeth. The other skulls were those of achild of four and a child of three years of age. All were of a pure Hawaiian type.(Emory 1921: 11).4.1.5 Pa Pua‘a o Pele GroupA stone structure was observed fifteen yards east of the spatter cone structure of Pa Pua‘a oPele, measuring 9 ft long by 5 ft wide. The structure, interpreted by informants as a burialcontaining two men and a woman who, “scratched the sacred sands and were lost in thedescending fog and perished”, was excavated. A slingstone was lodged in the corner of thestructure and five others were scattered about it, but no cultural deposit was revealed. Emorynoted 50 ahus around Pa Pua‘a o Pele; none half as large as the burial ahu in Kamoa o Pele andsome consisting of only three stones one on top of the other (Emory 1921:12).APPENDIX F (2): Supplemental Cultural Impact Assessment For the Proposed Advanced 39Technology Solar Telescope (<strong>ATST</strong>) at Haleakalā High Altitude ObservatoriesTMK (2) 2-2-07:008
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HALEA 2Archaeological Research4.1.6 Hanakauhi GroupEmory relied on the testimony of Robert T. Aitken for information regarding a set ofstructures resident at Hanakauhi Valley. Three stacked-basalt platforms and two stacked-basaltahus were observed “in a little pocket lying between Mamani and Kumu Hills”. The threeplatforms, which were situated respectively in the south, east, and north parts of the valley werenotable for volcanic “bombs” [cobble-sized basalt ejecta with a characteristic teardrop shape:first described as a “bombe de roulement” by J. D. Dana, Manual of Geology, 4 th ed.,1894:287]used in the construction. The isolated south platform was bordered by a wall less than 2 feethigh, forming a rectangle 15 ft by 7 ft. The east platform was recorded as poorly preserved, andthe north platform was noted with a secondary wall. The two ahus were recorded thus:Near the entrance to Hanakuhi Valley are two solidly built ahus constructed ofunmarked local stones. The north ahu measures 5 by 7 feet and the south ahu 5½by 9 feet; both are 2½ feet high and lie east and west. By standing on them thethree platforms in the valley can be seen and the approach to the valley watched(Emory 1921:13).4.1.7 Mamani GroupA group of eleven stacked-basalt platforms, some of which were examples with features newto Emory and his team, were recorded at the foot of Mamani crater, at a cinder cone namedKalua Mamani by native informants. A small terraced platform was noted on the west slope ofMamani crater, at the base of the cinder cone. It measured 12.5 ft by 4.5 ft by 1.5 ft high,oriented northeast/southwest. This platform was noted as “very similar to the lower terraces ofthe north and south Hanakauhi platforms, and its dimensions were the same as the east platform”(Emory 1921:14).An unusual square platform, located 200 ft southwest of the terraced platform describedabove, had been constructed on a raised knoll. It measured 4.5 ft on its north side, 6 ft on thesouth, 4.5 ft on the east and 6 ft on the west. It measured 1.5 ft high on the north and west, and2.5 ft high on the east and south, with shelves 2 ft wide.A structure comprised of slabs of aa clinker, stacked 1.5 ft tall in the form of a rectangle, waslocated 150 ft west of the square structure described above. The construction measured 3.5 ft by7 ft. This structure, and subsequent structures described below, were located on loose cinder atthe edge of an old lava flow issuing from a volcanic vent dubbed “Dante’s Inferno” by Emory.The structures were recorded in an orientation parallel to the edge of the lava flow: extending ina line northeast to southwest.At a location 100 ft further toward the southwest, a stacked-basalt structure was recorded thatdiffered markedly from previously recorded structures. The structure was constructed in a T-shape, the “T” measuring 3 ft square, joined eastward to a platform measuring 15 ft long by 5 ftwide by 2 ft high.Located 130 ft further to the southwest, a platform measuring 19.5 ft long by 3.5 ft wide by 2ft high was recorded.APPENDIX F (2): Supplemental Cultural Impact Assessment For the Proposed Advanced 40Technology Solar Telescope (<strong>ATST</strong>) at Haleakalā High Altitude ObservatoriesTMK (2) 2-2-07:008
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