4.15 MB - Food Security Clusters

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South Sudan: How a new country can feed its peopleWidespread poverty3 WIDESPREAD POVERTYEnsuring sufficient food supplies does notguarantee that everyone can afford toaccess it. For instance, Western Equatoriaproduces a surplus of maize and sorghum, buthunger still affects 23% of the population(measured in terms of deficient calorie intake –see Table 1.1).To ensure food security for all, the ability ofhouseholds to buy sufficient food to meet theirown production gaps needs to be supported byincreasing incomes and purchasing power,securing livelihoods, improving markets andaccess to them and stimulating choice.Poverty in South Sudan is persistent (Map 3.1).Consequently even those in the wealthierquintiles cannot always afford to buy food thatis sufficiently varied or calorific for an active andhealthy life.Map 3.1 – Poverty incidence by countySource: NBHS, 200916
South Sudan: How a new country can feed its peoplePoverty and consumptionEvery other person in South Sudan is poor,50.6% of the population lives below thenational poverty line of SDG 73 permonth which equates to approximately US$1.00per person per day using current exchangerates 7 .This means that more than half the populationlacks the necessary means to acquire sufficientfood, essential clothing, health care and shelter.Poor households face stark choices from oneday to the next as they are continuallycompelled to make compromises in how theyspend their limited available money.Poor householdsface an averageshortfall of SDG 34per person permonth to meet theirminimum food andnon-food needs.(NBHS, 2009)Households’ totalexpenditure averagesSDG 100 (US$37) perperson per monthranging from a low ofSDG 60 in NorthernBahr El Ghazal to SDG144 in Upper Nile(Table 3.1). A poorhousehold spends on average only SDG 39 perperson per month, a shortfall of SDG 34 permonth needed to meet minimum food and nonfoodrequirements. On average 79% of the totalhousehold expenditure goes on food, a sharethat rises marginally to 81% for rural areas anddrops to 69% for urban areas (Table 3.2).The poorest states are in the north. In NorthernBahr El Ghazal more than three quarters live inpoverty while in Unity and Warrap theproportion is 68% and 64% respectively. Thesestates spend less than SDG 2 a day (aboutUS$0.70) on food compared with up to SDG 3 inthe relatively less poor states of Western Bahr ElGhazal, Western Equatoria and CentralEquatoria, where still over 40% live in poverty(Map 3.1). The Upper Nile stands out with arelatively lower poverty incidence of 25.7%.Table 3.1 – Consumption expenditureConsumption per personper month (SDG)Total <strong>Food</strong> Non-foodSouth Sudan 100 79 21Urban 168 109 59Rural 88 73 15Upper Nile 144 102 42Jonglei 98 88 10Unity 72 55 17Warrap 67 58 9Northern Bahr El Ghazal 60 49 11Western Bahr El Ghazal 114 90 24Lakes 110 92 18Western Equatoria 104 86 18Central Equatoria 127 80 47Eastern Equatoria 103 86 17Source: NBHS, 2009Table 3.2 – Expenditure share on foodPercentage of expenditure onfoodAll Non-poor PoorSouth Sudan 79 80 79Urban 69 68 73Rural 81 84 79Upper Nile 73 72 76Jonglei 86 91 81Unity 80 78 82Warrap 83 88 80Northern Bahr El 85 83 86GhazalWestern Bahr El Ghazal 82 81 83Lakes 80 84 75Western Equatoria 82 83 79Central Equatoria 64 67 61Eastern Equatoria 84 85 84Source: NBHS, 2009While the per capita share of expenditure onfood falls markedly with each wealth quintile inurban areas, there’s a significant increase in theproportion spent on food between the first andsecond quintile in rural areas (Figure 3.1). Thereare a couple of likely explanations for this.Firstly, with low market penetration in ruralareas, non-food items and services are in limitedsupply or simply not available, so any additionalincome is generally spent on food.7 June 201217
Page 2 and 3: Front page image: Lydia Wamala/WFPA
Page 5: Report on Food Security and Nutriti
Page 11 and 12: MAPS/TABLES/FIGURESList of MapsMap
Page 15 and 16: BACKGROUNDFood Security backgroundF
Page 17 and 18: MeasuringFood Insecurity inSouth Su
Page 19 and 20: South Sudan: How a new country can
Page 23 and 24: The hunger indexThe hunger index pi
Page 25 and 26: Underweight (%)South Sudan: How a n
Page 27 and 28: 19971998199920002001200220032004200
Page 29: 19961997199819992000200120022003200
Page 33 and 34: CaloriesCaloriesSouth Sudan: How a
Page 35 and 36: CaloriesCaloriesSouth Sudan: How a
Page 39 and 40: Figure 3.12 - Wealth quintiles and

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