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Figure 8-2.—A 36-inch vertical turret lathe. 8-2
only the main turret, you can machine a workpiece as large as 44 inches in diameter. The main difference between the vertical turret lathe and the horizontal turret lathe is in the design and operating features of the main turret head. Refer to figure 8-1. Note that the turret slide (2) is mounted on a swivel plate (3) which is attached to the saddle (4). The swivel plate allows the turret slide to be swung up to 45° to the right or left of the vertical, depending on the machine model. The saddle is carried on, and can traverse, the main rails (5). The main rails are gibbed and geared to the upright bedways (6) for vertical movement. This arrangement allows you to feed main turret tools either vertically or horizontally, as compared to one direction on the horizontal turret lathe. Also, you can cut tapers by setting the turret slide at a suitable angle. The side turret and side head of the vertical turret lathe correspond to the square turret and cross slide of the horizontal turret lathe. A typical vertical turret lathe has a system of feed trips and stops that functions similarly to those on a horizontal turret lathe. In addition, the machine has feed disengagement devices to prevent the heads from going beyond safe maximum limits and bumping into each other. Vertical turret lathes have varying degrees of capabilities, including feed and speed ranges, angular turning limits, and special features such as threading. You can expect to find a more coarse minimum feed on the earlier models of vertical turret lathes. Some models have a minimum of 0.008 inch per revolution of the table or chuck, while other models will go as low as 0.001 inch per revolution. The maximum feeds obtainable vary considerably also; however, this is usually less of a limiting factor in job setup and completion. The speeds on any given vertical turret lathe tend to be much slower than those on a horizontal lathe. This reduction in speed is often required because of the large and oddly shaped sizes of work done on vertical turret lathes. A high speed can throw a workpiece out of the machine that may damage equipment and injure personnel. One of the major differences between the lathes shown in figures 8-1 and 8-2 is in the method you will use to position the cutter to the work. On the lathe in figure 8-1, you will use a handwheel to position the 8-3 work manually. On the lathe in figure 8-2, you will use an electric drive controlled by a lever. When you move the feed control lever to the creep position, the turret head moves in the direction selected in increments as low as 0.0001 inch per minute. This creep feed is independent of table revolution and can be made with the table stopped. An attachment available on some machines permits threading of up to 32 threads per inch with a single-point tool. The gears, as specified by the lathe manufacturer, are positioned in the attachment to provide a given ratio between the revolutions per minute of the table and the rate of advance of the tool. The same attachment also lets the operator turn or bore an angle of 1° to 45° in any quadrant by positioning certain gears in the gear train. You can then engage the correct feed lever to cut the angle. Later in this chapter, we’ll explain in detail how you turn tapers on a vertical turret lathe without this attachment. VERTICAL TURRET LATHE TOOLING The principles used to operate a vertical turret lathe are not very different from those for a horizontal turret lathe. The only significant difference is in the main turret. We said earlier that the main head corresponds to the hexagonal turret of the horizontal machine. You can feed it vertically toward the headstock (down), horizontally, or at an angle. To do this, you can engage both the horizontal and vertical feeds, or you can set the turret slide at an angle from the vertical and use only the vertical feed. The tool angles used for the cutters of the vertical machine correspond to those on the horizontal turret lathe; they are an important factor in successful cutting. It is equally important to set cutters on center and maintain the clearance and rake angles in the process. Again, you must be sure the cutters are held rigidly. In vertical turret lathe work, you must often use offset or bent-shank cutters, special sweep tools, and forming tools, particularly when you machine odd-shaped pieces. Many such cutting tools are designed to take advantage of the great flexibility of operation provided in the main head. On a repair ship, you normally will use the vertical turret lathe for jobs other than straight
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Naval Education and Training Comman
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MACHINERY REPAIRMAN NAVEDTRA 12204-
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PREFACE This Training Manual (TRAMA
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CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5
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Another job description found in pr
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1-2, and 1-3 show some of the commo
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You must know the location of tools
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The correct way to measure an insid
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appropriate sides of the jaws on th
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Dial Bore Gauge The dial bore gauge
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Gear Tooth Vernier Use a gear tooth
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Surface Gauge A surface gauge (fig.
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Figure 1-20.—Center gauge. angle
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accuracy. They generally come in ma
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MICROMETERS is essentially the same
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meanings of these terms and the imp
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number is shown for roughness heigh
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Figure 2-7.—Master roughness scal
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Figure 2-11.—Checking surface fin
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Figure 2-17.—Laying out a 45-degr
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Figure 2-24.—Setting and using a
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Figure 2-29.—Bisecting an angle.
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prick-punch “witness marks” aro
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Figure 2-35.—Filing. The crosshat
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keyway broach requires a bushing th
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The steps involved in repairing a d
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SETTING UP OXYACETYLENE EQUIPMENT T
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GREASE IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN UN
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Strength metal into thin sheets. Le
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and forming into plates, billets, b
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Each of the aluminum alloys has pro
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with an average carbon content of 1
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The manufacturer is required to mak
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with that of known specimens. Many
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Gray cast iron produces a spark str
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Table 3-4.—Major Groups of Plasti
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Lathe Operations Lathe operations a
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mechanism is also attached to the s
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Band Selection and Installation The
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File Bands A file band consists of
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This prevents sagging of the file b
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Figure 4-16.—Butt welder-grinder
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paragraphs contain the procedures f
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Figure 4-22.—Disk-cutting attachm
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Figure 4-26.—Sensitive drill pres
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shops are the Morse taper shank, sh
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Figure 4-30.—Common types of clam
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Figure 4-34.—Two types of counter
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andomly follow the straight sides a
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CHAPTER 5 OFFHAND GRINDING OF TOOLS
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Figure 5-4.—Standard marking syst
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DIAMOND WHEELS Diamond grinding whe
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WHEEL CARE AND STORAGE It’s easy
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allows cutting speeds approximately
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Figure 5-13.—Surface finish vs no
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Figure 5-17.—Boring bars for carb
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Figure 5-19.—Chip breakers. a rad
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Internal-threading tool: The intern
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Downcutting tool: You may grind and
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Figure 5-32.—Grinding drill lip c
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Figure 5-37.—Grinding a twist dri
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ways in alignment with the headstoc
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Figure 6-4 shows this plate for the
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Before you insert a center or tooli
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FEED ROD The feed rod transmits pow
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lower lever has eight positions, ea
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Figure 6-14.—Quick-change toolpos
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Figure 6-21.—Three-jaw universal
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Figure 6-26.—Cutaway showing the
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Figure 6-32.—Thread dial indicato
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TRACING ATTACHMENTS A tracing attac
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2. Place the level across the bed a
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Figure 6-41.—Aligning lathe cente
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Figure 6-45.—Boring center hole.
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ends of the mandrel when you press
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Figure 6-52.—Centering work with
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Figure 6-56.—Work mounted on a ca
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FEED is the amount the tool advance
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Rough Turning Figure 6-62.—Rough
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Square, round, and “V” grooves
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Figure 6-69.—Knurled impressions.
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machined surfaces that could become
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produced by the same amount of seto
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cross-feed screw and the cross-slid
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When special threads are required b
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Figure 6-83.—Acme thread and form
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where An example of a pipe thread i
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The wire size you should use to mea
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Using the Thread-Cutting Stop Becau
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Figure 6-96.—Finishing the end of
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shown in figure 6-101. Two slots ar
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Figure 7-1.—Universal milling mac
Page 188 and 189: A. Spindle G. Spindle speed selecto
Page 190 and 191: with a split clamp to the overarm a
Page 192 and 193: to the table of the milling machine
Page 194 and 195: that most index heads have a 40 to
Page 196 and 197: Rapid indexing is used when a large
Page 198 and 199: or one complete turn plus 36 holes
Page 200 and 201: allows you to index divisions from
Page 202 and 203: from the one in which the pin is in
Page 204 and 205: Figure 7-24.—Side milling cutter.
Page 206 and 207: A. B. C. D. E. Figure 7-32.—Doubl
Page 208 and 209: Figure 7-36.—Inserted tooth face
Page 210 and 211: Figure 7-43.—Sprocket wheel cutte
Page 212 and 213: Figure 7-48.—Stub arbor. or on th
Page 214 and 215: Figure 7-54.—Spring collet chuck
Page 216 and 217: Figure 7-56.—Face milling. FACE M
Page 218 and 219: 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
Page 220 and 221: A. Lock screw for dog D. End mill B
Page 222 and 223: 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 1
Page 224 and 225: 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
Page 226 and 227: Figure 7-71.—Visual alignment of
Page 228 and 229: machine table. You will hold the cu
Page 230 and 231: Figure 7-77.—Boring with a fly cu
Page 232 and 233: Figure 7-79.—Vertical milling att
Page 234 and 235: Table 7-2.—Surface Cutting Speeds
Page 236 and 237: Table 7-4 shows recommended chip lo
Page 240 and 241: 28.194 Figure 8-3.—Refacing a val
Page 242 and 243: HORIZONTAL BORING MILL The horizont
Page 244 and 245: 7. After you have tightened the mou
Page 246 and 247: The table can be power driven to pr
Page 249 and 250: CHAPTER 9 SHAPERS, PLANERS, AND ENG
Page 251 and 252: Figure 9-3.—Swiveled and tilted t
Page 253 and 254: extent in planer and shaper work To
Page 255 and 256: the cutting speeds and related mach
Page 257 and 258: Figure 9-10.—Internal keyway: A.
Page 259 and 260: 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Replac
Page 261 and 262: or housing attached on one side of
Page 263 and 264: Figure 9-18.—Engraving machine. F
Page 265 and 266: CUTTER SPEEDS The speeds listed in
Page 267 and 268: can readily see it after grinding t
Page 269 and 270: Figure 9-29.—Using an indexing at
Page 271: Any further movement of the work wi
Page 274 and 275: Figure 10-1.—Grain depth of cut;
Page 276 and 277: To select the proper work speed, ta
Page 278 and 279: Figure 10-8.—Magnetic chuck used
Page 280 and 281: can do on a surface grinder. Use th
Page 282 and 283: for straight cylindrical grinding o
Page 284 and 285: Figure 10-15.—Typical tooth rest
Page 286 and 287: of the work. Raise or lower the whe
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Figure 10-23.—Staggered-tooth sid
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Figure 10-28.—Grinding the periph
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Once the teeth are uniform, they sh
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After you have honed out the inaccu
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MACHINES With the rapid development
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Figure 11-3.—Slant bed for CNC la
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Figure 11-6.—A typical CNC contro
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Figure 11-8.—Continuous-path angl
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CHAPTER 12 METAL BUILDUP CHAPTER LE
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Figure 12-1.—Typical installation
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Figure 12-5.—A typical sandblaste
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Clean, dry air is essential for pro
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It can reduce the amount of masking
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quality assurance function of the p
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pass-fail. In our educational syste
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straighten a shaft, however, always
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Figure 13-4.—Lapping tools. has t
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pipe in which the valve is installe
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Figure 13-10.—Constant-pressure g
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When you install the control valve
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casing wearing rings, impeller wear
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Figure 13-17.—Removing a broken b
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Figure 13-23.—Metal disintegrator
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Figure 13-25.—Portable boring bar
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Figure 14-1.—Cutting specially sh
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For example, use the following proc
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at an angle to each other, as long
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Figure 14-6.—Development of evenl
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Table 14-1.—"K" Factor Table Tabl
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Figure 14-11.—Standard universal
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6. Find the NPD. 7. Find the 8. Fin
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FA - Face angle OD - Outside diamet
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7. Pitch diameter (PD)—This is th
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SELECTING A BEVEL GEAR CUTTER To cu
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Figure 14-20.—Profiling a bevel g
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. Use the following formulas to sol
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Figure 14-25.—Milling machine set
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9. Diametral pitch (DP) METHOD OF M
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explains the classes and the manufa
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GRAINS (irregularly shaped crystals
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Figure 15-2.—Microscopic structur
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Figure 15-5.—Typical structure of
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Figure 15-8.—Grid for heat-treati
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Table 15-3.—Average Cooling Rates
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cases. A wide variety of quenching
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These various temperature arrests o
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known as pearlite, and the A1 tempe
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quickly cooled to and held at a som
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Available information indicates tha
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slowly from the tempering temperatu
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Table 15-4.—Heat-Treating Tempera
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Figure 15-20.—Design of a cam. A.
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In carburized steel, spalling is ca
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used to make positive identificatio
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HONING—Finishing machine operatio
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Table AII-2.—Decimal Equivalents
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Table AII-4.—Formulas for Dimensi
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Table AII-5.—Number, Letter and F
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Table AII-7.—Screw Thread and Tap
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Table AII-9.—3-Wire Method of Mea
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Table AII-11.—Circles Circumferen
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Table AII-13.—Taper Per Foot and
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p 1 I vi 2 P F \ = = a AII-16
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Table AII-16.—Drill Sizes for Tap
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Having Circular pitch Circular pitc
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APPENDIX IV DERIVATION OF FORMULAS
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(1) NT is the connecting link betwe
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Walker, John R., Machining Fundamen
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A Adjustable gauges, 1-7 adjustable
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Engine lathes, 6-1 attachments and
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Layout methods, 2-8 M forming angul
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Stub tooth gears, 14-27 American st
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