Literatur zur Tugendethik Bibliography on Virtue ... - Academic Room

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2007 [478] Webber, Jonathan (2007): Character, Global and Local, Utilitas 19, S. 430–34. 1012002 [479] Weber, Verena (2002): <strong>Tugendethik</strong> und Kommunitarismus. Individualität, Universalisierung,Moralische Dilemmata, Würzburg. 1022005 [480] Welchman, Jennifer (2005): Virtue Ethics and Human Development: A Pragmatic Approach,in Virtue Ethics, Old and New, hrsg. von Stephen M. Gardiner, Ithaca, S. 142–55.2006 [481] Welchman, Jennifer (Hrsg.) (2006): The Practice of Virtue. Classic and ContemporaryReadings in Virtue Ethics, Indianapolis. 1031997 [482] White, John R. (1997): Virtue and Freedom, International Philosophical Quarterly 37, S. 413–422.1991 [483] White, Richard (1991): Historical Perspectives on the Morality of Virtue, Journal of ValueInquiry 25, S. 217–31.101 “Philosophers have recently argued that we should revise our understanding of character. An individual’sbehaviour is governed not by a set of ‘global’ traits, each elicited by a certain kind of situational feature,they argue, but by a much larger array of ‘local’ traits, each elicited by a certain combination of situationalfeatures. But the data cited by these philosophers support their theory only if we conceive of traits purely interms of stimulus and response, rather than in the more traditional terms of inner mental items such asinclinations. We should not adopt the former conception, moreover, since doing so would impede pursuit ofthe ethical aims for which we need a theory of character, whereas retaining the latter conception willfacilitate this pursuit. So we should not revise our understanding of character in the way proposed.”102 „Der heutige Mensch steht im Spannungsfeld von zunehmender Individualisierung und fortschreitenderGlobalisierung. Ein funktionierendes Ethikmodell muß diesen neuen Bedingungen Rechnung tragen.Ansätze bieten in sehr ähnlicher Weise eine auf Aristoteles <strong>zur</strong>ückgreifende <strong>Tugendethik</strong> undkommunitaristische Moralentwürfe. Doch beide, Kommunitarismus und <strong>Tugendethik</strong>, widersetzen sichoftmals gerade der Universalisierung. Die Vermittlung von Werten innerhalb einer überschaubarenGemeinschaft steht im Vordergrund. Unterschiede zu anderen ethischen Auffassungen in anderenGemeinschaften werden ohne weiteres akzeptiert. Können <strong>Tugendethik</strong> und Kommunitarismus somitwirklich eine tragfähige Basis für ein modernes Moralkonzept bieten? Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dieserzentralen Frage und prüft die Alltagstauglichkeit beider Ethikkonzepte anhand der in aktuellen Debattendiskutierten Phänomene, wie dem der moralischen Dilemmata. Es zeigt sich, daß die tugendethischkommunitaristischeDenkrichtung hier interessante und neue Impulse geben kann.“103 This collection provides readings from five classic thinkers with importantly distinct approaches to virtuetheory, along with five new essays from contemporary thinkers that apply virtue theories to the resolution ofpractical moral problems. Jennifer Welchman’s Introduction discusses the history of virtue theory. A shortintroduction to each reading highlights the distinctive aspects of the view expressed. TABLE OFCONTENTS: Preface. Introduction. PART I: CLASSIC VIRTUE THEORIES: Aristotle: Introduction.Nicomachean Ethics. Seneca: Introduction. On the Happy Life. Moral Letters to Lucilius. FrancisHutcheson: Introduction. An Inquiry into the Original of our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue. David Hume:Introduction. An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals. Friedrich Nietzsche: Introduction. On theGenealogy of Morality. Beyond Good and Evil. PART II: CONTEMPORARY APPLICATIONS: RosalindHursthouse: Applying Virtue Ethics to Our Treatment of the Other Animals. Julia Annas: Seneca: StoicPhilosophy as a Guide to Living. Mark H. Waymack: Francis Hutcheson, Virtue Ethics and Public Policy.Jacqueline Taylor: Humean Humanity Versus Hate. Clancy W. Martin: Nietzsche’s Virtues and the Virtuesof Business.48
2008 [484] White, Richard (2008): Radical Virtues: Moral Wisdom and the Ethics of Contemporary Life,Lanham. 1042006 [485] Wielenberg, Erik J. (2006): Saving Character, Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 9, S. 461–91. 1051996 [486] Wiggins, David (1996): Natural and Artificial Virtues: A Vindication of Hume’s Scheme, inHow Should One Live? Essays on the Virtues, hrsg. von Roger Crisp, Oxford, S. 131–40.1995 [487] Williams, Bernard (1995): Acting as the Virtuous Person Acts, in Aristotle and Moral Realism,hrsg. von R. Heinamen, London, S. 13–23.1995 [488] Williams, Bernard (1995): Ethics, in Philosophy. A Guide through the Subject, hrsg. von A. C.Grayling, Oxford, S. 545–82: S. 571–75 (“Virtues”).1998 [489] Williams, Bernard (1998): Virtues and Vices, in Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, hrsg.von Edward Craig, Vol. 9, London, S. 626–31.2006 [490] Winter, Michael/Tauer, John (2006): Virtue Theory and Social Psychology, Journal of ValueInquiry 40, S. 73–82.2007 [491] Wolf, Susan (2007): Moral Psychology and the Unity of the Virtues, Ratio 20, S. 145–67. 106104 Contents: Introduction. Chapter One: Courage. Chapter Two: Temperance. Chapter Three: Justice. ChapterFour: Compassion. Chapter Five: Wisdom. Conclusion.“What is a good life? What does it mean to be a good person? Richard White answers these questions byconsidering aspects of moral goodness through the virtues: courage, temperance, justice, compassion andwisdom. White explores how moral virtues affect and support social movements such as pacifism,environmentalism, multiculturalism, and animal rights. Drawing on the works of Plato, Aristotle, Hume,Nietzsche and others, White’s philosophical treatment of virtue ethics is extended through historical andcross-cultural analysis, and he examines the lives of Socrates, Buddha, and Gandhi who lived virtuous livesto help the reader understand and acquire moral wisdom.”105 “In his recent book Lack of Character, Jon Doris argues that people typically lack character (understood in aparticular way). Such a claim, if correct, would have devastating implications for moral philosophy and forvarious human moral projects (e.g. character development). I seek to defend character against Doris'schallenging attack. To accomplish this, I draw on Socrates, Aristotle, and Kant to identify some of thecentral components of virtuous character. Next, I examine in detail some of the central experiments insocial psychology upon which Doris's argument is based. I argue that, properly understood, suchexperiments reveal differences in the characters of their subjects, not that their subjects lack characteraltogether. I conclude with some reflections on the significance of such experiments and the importance ofcharacter.”106 “The ancient Greeks subscribed to the thesis of the Unity of Virtue, according to which the possession ofone virtue is closely related to the possession of all the others. Yet empirical observation seems to contradictthis thesis at every turn. What could the Greeks have been thinking of? The paper offers an interpretationand a tentative defence of a qualified version of the thesis. It argues that, as the Greeks recognized, virtueessentially involves knowledge – specifically, evaluative knowledge of what matters. Furthermore, suchknowledge is essentially holistic. Perfect and complete possession of one virtue thus requires the knowledgethat is needed for the possession of every other virtue. The enterprise of trying to reconcile the normativeview embodied in this conception of virtue with empirical observation also serves as a case study for the49
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