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Identifying case study sitesResearch designed to address the regional-level, subregional-level and cross-level questionsidentified above will give insights into how food systems operate across a region, how thisdiversity affects food security across a region, and what possible adaptation strategies can beconsidered both locally and for the region as a whole. However, selecting case study sitesacross a diverse region necessitates a compromise between optimal scientific and practicalconsiderations. One aim can be to build on on-going research infrastructure and researchsites, and existing data, rather than establishing research sites de novo. An initial useful stepcan be to survey existing work in the region to see what to build on, and also to show wherenew studies can add value to others by ‘mapping’ them onto the research structure of the newstudy. This type of information can be used to identify research projects for which suitablesocio-economic and environmental data are already available, and would help to build upregional research networks (as have been very successfully developed by the Inter-AmericanInstitute for Global Change Research, IAI). It would also enable an analysis of existing workthat can be integrated to help address the research agenda and to identify where the majorgaps appear to lie. Box 4 illustrates the process of case study site selection in the GECAFSwork in the Indo-Gangetic Plain.Box 4 Identifying research sites for multilevel research.Choosing case-study sites is a critical part of multilevel research, and should ideally be based ondiscussion among all stakeholders. For GEC/food security research, some selection criteria couldinclude: lie-along gradients of, for example, anticipated temperature and precipitation change or currentand anticipated grazing pressure; sufficient representation of different governance (e.g. land tenure) arrangements; sufficient representation of the region’s principal farming systems (Dixon et al., 2001); sufficient representation of key drivers in regional scenarios (see Box 3); building on work where interventions have been shown to be effective.The aim is to identify a set of sites that are individually representative of the specificsubregion/selection criteria, and which, when considered as a whole set, give a good representation ofthe region overall and the heterogeneity within it. This might need an integrative approach, as provedto be the case in selecting GECAFS research sites in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP).A workshop was convened to identify five case study sites reflecting the socio-economic andenvironmental diversity of the IGP. Administrative districts were chosen as this was the unit forwhich socio-economic data was generally collected. Initial suggestions were presented for a site ineach of the five rice-wheat subregions across the IGP (as identified by the Consultative Group onInternational Agricultural Research (CGIAR)-supported Rice-Wheat Consortium). Criteria includedidentifying where the effects of various GEC drivers will be most extreme and where those living inpoverty will be worst hit. The likelihood of data availability was also an important consideration.When all five sites had been presented, they were considered in terms of balance of GEC drivers and98
food system variables (so as to assist with synthesizing across the sites), and one different site (inBangladesh) was chosen. The final set (see Figure 2) captures the heterogeneity across the IGP whilealso being of relevance to district-level planners.Figure 2 Location of GECAFS-IGP case studies identified in relation to the main rice-wheat growingarea and showing major socio-economic characteristics and GEC concerns.Regional synthesis and integration workshops can draw together case-study research outputto address regional synthesis questions. The survey of recently completed, on-going and/orimminent region-wide research activities can indicate which outputs from other projects canbe best included in synthesis workshops. An additional approach is to undertake analyses atthe regional level of, for instance, market and physical infrastructure, food storage andtransport systems, land-use conversion, etc. These give a good insight of the generalconditions across the region which cannot be achieved by synthesizing a small number ofcase studies.Defining regional research within the international research contextWhile the emphasis of the paper is the regional level, it is important to remember thatresearch at this level can (and often should) usefully interact with research developments atthe global level. This is particularly the case where international research structures exist that99
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Table of ContentsAbstract .........
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Paper 6: Undertaking Research at th
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AbstractFood security is a conditio
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2010 about 925 million people had t
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water) are used, and reduce negativ
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While the flow of the argument abou
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determine interactions along and be
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Paper 3: A Food Systems Approach to
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concerns and are now issues that mu
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the relationships between GEC and f
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Theme 2 aims to understand how comm
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GEC and the Food System of the Indo
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Paper 2: The role of agronomic rese
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These advances have resulted from a
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Crop selection to determine mechani
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Agronomic science is central to imp
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Agronomic research in relation to f
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The discussion above identifies a n
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interventions and political inertia
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While research on producing food ha
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Box 1 Food system Activities and fo
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In addition to broadening the debat
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options. Examples already seen rang
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Figure 3 Outcomes for 10 variables
Page 58 and 59: Figure 4 Nine ‘planetary boundari
Page 60 and 61: Figure 5 Environmental change, food
Page 62 and 63: Table 1: Indicative analysis of the
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Page 70 and 71: Parry et al., 2005). Conducting foo
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Page 76 and 77: into actions (strategies, policies,
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Page 80 and 81: Box 3 Setting the research agenda f
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Page 88 and 89: Elements of good practice in stakeh
Page 90 and 91: Finally, it is worth noting that fo
Page 92 and 93: development (Lee, 1999; Gunderson a
Page 94 and 95: Box 7 The GECAFS stakeholder survey
Page 96 and 97: ‘break down’ what might be a hi
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Page 100 and 101: agriculture in many parts of the wo
Page 102 and 103: gaps. The presence of a strong tech
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Page 106 and 107: Institute for Meteorology and Hydro
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Page 112 and 113: Box 5 Mapping stakeholder interests
Page 114 and 115: Holding planning meetings in locati
Page 116 and 117: This reorientation of the debate fr
Page 118 and 119: Importance of this type of research
Page 120 and 121: Integrating the food system concept
Page 122 and 123: awareness of the GEC issues within
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Page 126 and 127: communities operating in food syste
Page 128 and 129: Improving input-use efficiency acro
Page 130 and 131: governance focuses on the range of
Page 132 and 133: Developing research agendas in supp
Page 134 and 135: The renewed approach to interdiscip
Page 136 and 137: BIELAK, A., HOLMES, J., SAVGÅRD, J
Page 138 and 139: EAKIN, H. 2010. What is Vulnerable?
Page 140 and 141: GODFRAY, H. C. J., BEDDINGTON, J. R
Page 142 and 143: INGRAM, J. S. I. & FERNANDES, E. C.
Page 144 and 145: LYUTSE, S. 2010. The One Billion To
Page 146 and 147: RAYNER, S. & MALONE, E. L. 1998. Hu
Page 148 and 149: UNDP 2006. The 2006 Human Developme
Page 150 and 151: activities “from plough to plate
Page 152 and 153: contribution to the science agenda:
Page 154 and 155: urgently needed, and - given the gr
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ieder hun eigen groep van betrokken
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het gebied van beheer hebben betrek
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Curriculum VitaeFollowing a BSc in
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