201305.pdf 43279KB May 08 2013 11:07:04 PM

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pulseINNOVatIONS & INNOVatORS10987000615243Quantum refrigerator coolsto extreme tempsAprototype solid-state refrigeratordeveloped by researchers at theNational Institute of Standards andTechnology (NIST) uses quantum physics tocool a much larger object to extremely lowtemperatures. Measuring a few inches in outsidedimensions, its cooling power is said tobe equivalent to that of a window-mountedair-conditioner cooling a building the size ofthe Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC.Just like with a normal refrigerator, suitableobjects can be placed in the unit’s coolingzone and later removed and replaced.The refrigerator’s coolingelements comprise 48 tinysandwiches consisting ofa normal metal, a 1-nmthickinsulating layer, anda superconducting metal.When voltage is applied,electrons tunnel from thenormal metal through theinsulator to the superconductor,resulting in a dramaticreduction in temperaturein the normal metaland draining energy fromthe object being cooled.In the demonstration,researchers cooled a blockof copper that was about amillion times heavier thanthe unit’s refrigerating elements.The cooling processtook about 18 hours.This technology mayoffer a compact way tocool advanced sensors tobelow standard cryogenictemperatures—300 milliKelvins—improvingtheir performance in such applications asquantum information systems, telescopecameras, and searches for dark matter anddark energy. Currently such a degree ofcooling requires complex, large, and costlyequipment.For more, see the related paper, “Macroscalerefrigeration by nanoscale electrontransport,” published by Applied PhysicsLetters (http://bit.ly/109G2iJ).—by Rich Pell▷National Institute of Standardsand Technology, www.nist.govtalkback“How does themanufacturer performverification?Surely, its staff mustwork from a documentthat specifiesa sequential checklistprocedure?Deciding that it's‘too much trouble’to put these notesin the data sheetsand user manualsis unconscionable.”—commenter vapats, in responseto Jon titus’s blog post “Why aresome data sheets so unhelpful?”at www.edn.com/4411964. Jointhe conversation and add yourown comment.A prototype solid-staterefrigerator uses quantumphysics in the square chipmounted on the green circuitboard to cool the muchlarger copper platform (inthe middle of the photo) tobelow standard cryogenictemperatures.12 EDN | May 2013 [ www.edn.com]
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