MIL-HDBK-502 - Barringer and Associates, Inc.

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MIL-HDBK-502: ACQUISITIONALOGISTICSsystem replaces two old systems or because the new system is easier tomaintain.7. Schedule Considerations. The logistician is obviously concerned inscheduling decisions. Support is a vital and integral part of any system thatis fielded. Only when logistics is an afterthought should it cause delay. Iflogistic considerations have been interwoven with the program in all of itsphases, then the supportability schedule will have been synchronized withthe other system schedules.8. Facilities. Special consideration must be given to facilities because ofthe long lead times involved.6.2 DEVELOPING PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTSDoD policy mandates the use of performance requirements as the preferredmethod of preparing specifications. In the logistics field this policy meansthat supportability requirements must be expressed in performance terms.Requirements must express what the desired outcome is, but must notdirect how to achieve that outcome. As acquisition management reliesmore and more on commercial sources rather than on unique militaryspecifications-driven items, we must be careful not to restrict potentialcontractors. For example, we may have an item that requires carefulpackaging to avoid breakage. The requirement, in performance terms, willgive the acceptable limits, but will not tell how the item is to be packaged:The item, packed for shipping, will pass through a 5x3 ft. hatch,will not be damaged by up to a vertical 3 ft. drop onto a metalsurface, and can withstand X pounds per square inch of pressureon all sides simultaneously.The goal is to identify the required outcomes, leaving the supplier free toprovide the means and/or method that will produce the outcomes we haveidentified.DoD 5000.2-R, Part 2, states clearly that support requirements are to betied in to the program performance specification: “Supportability factorsare integral elements of program performance specifications. However,support requirements are not to be stated as distinct logistics elements, butinstead as performance requirements that relate to a system’s operationaleffectiveness, operational suitability, and life-cycle cost reduction.”It further requires that acquisition logistics be an integral part of systemdevelopment: “The PM shall conduct acquisition logistics managementactivities throughout the system development.”More detailed guidance on the preparation of performance requirementscan be found in SD-15 and in MIL STD 961.6-5
MIL-HDBK-502: ACQUISITIONALOGISTICS6.2.1 Integration Of Acquisition Logistics Into The SystemsEngineering ProcessDuring the systems engineering process, operational needs are analyzedand various design concepts are proposed. Those concepts are thensynthesized, evaluated, and optimized. The culmination of this process isdefinition of the best design.Unfortunately, acquisition logistics (supportability) objectives often conflictwith other design objectives like speed, range, size, etc. How is thisinevitable conflict resolved? Early in the process, the issue of tradeoffsmust be raised during the analysis of proposed concepts. Careful use oftradeoff studies will guide the engineers and the logisticians in finding theoptimal design—one which balances design objectives with supportabilityrequirements. Tradeoffs are an essential part of the design process.The result of this early collaboration between engineering and logisticspersonnel is a specification that prescribes performance requirements to beachieved.The challenge is to ensure that supportability is integrated into the programfrom the beginning phases. The early design phases of a project, whenthings change rapidly, may seem of little interest to logisticians, and theirattendance at engineering design reviews may seem a waste of time.Actually this period has far reaching logistics impact. During this phase thelogisticians can use the leverage of early program involvement to identifyapproaches that will significantly lower life cycle costs. They may be ableto catch an exorbitantly expensive material or time-consuming maintenanceprocess before it has become integrated into the system. The followingexample is illustrative:During an early design review of a satellite system, the logisticianon the team noted that a system component was to be fabricatedfrom beryllium. Although this strong light metal was a logicaldesign choice, the logistician was aware that it is a hazardousmaterial. Using it would require special handling. After he raisedthe issue, the engineers agreed that a heavier but non-hazardousmaterial should be used instead.Logisticians must be prepared to defend the logistics support concepts andsupportability design requirements that they propose, not only from thelogistics community’s point of view, but also from the engineering point ofview. They must constantly keep the readiness requirements in mind. Thevalue of teamwork from the earliest stages of a project is that each grouphas the other’s concerns in mind. Cooperation and mutual understandingsave time and money.6-6
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