841Uif

ZEN VOCABULARY I 339downfall of the Tokugawa shogunate, the restoration of power tothe Emperor Meiji, and the beginning of the Meiji period (1867-1912).Mencius (Ch., Meng-tzu; J., Moshi; A.D. ?-370) : a Chinese philosophersage.The Book of Mencius, his main work, is considered to be one of theclassic commentaries on the Confucian writings.mind (J., kokoro or shin): Ask the ordinary Japanese where his mind is andthe chances are he will point to his heart or chest. Ask the same questionof a Westerner and he will indicate his head. These two gestures illustratethe difference between the conception of mind in the East andin the West. The word kokoro, which is translated by the Englishmind, also means "heart," "spirit," "psyche," or "soul." Mind (with asmall "m") as used in this book, therefore, means more than the seatof the intellect. Mind with a capital "M" stands fo r absolute Reality.From the standpoint of Zen experience, Mind (or mind) is totalawareness-in other words, just hearing when listening, only seeing whenlooking, etc.The expression "open the Mind's eye" (with a capital "M") is anotherway of speaking of the experience of satori or Self-realization. " ...place the mind's eye ..." (with a small "m") means to direct the summationpoint, or focus of attention, of one's entire being.Miroku (Skt., Maitreya, the "Great Loving One"): the Bodhisattva whowill become a full Buddha in the next world cycle to lead men to liberationfrom self-bondage.mokugyo (lit., "wooden fish"): The mokugyo is a hollowed-out roundishwooden block, fashioned after some sort of sea creature, with a long·horizontal slit fo r resonance, employed as an accompaniment to sutrachantingin Buddhist temples. When struck by a padded stick it emitsa distinctive sound. Originally Chinese, this "wooden drum" may beas large as three feet in height or small enough to hold in the lap. Frequentlyit is lacquered bright red. Fish, since they never sleep, are symbolicin Buddhism of the alertness and watchfulness required of theaspirant to Buddhahood.moudo Qit., "question and answer"): a uniquely Zen type of dialoguebetween a master and a student wherein the student asks a question onBuddhism which has deeply perplexed him, and the master, skirting thearea of theory and logic, replies in such a way as to evoke an answerfrom the deeper levels of the student's intuitive mind. Sec also "Dharmacombat."Monju: see "Fugen and Monju."monk (priest) : The Japanese language makes no distinction between thetwo religious types described by the English words "monk" and "priest."