841Uif

340 I SUPPLEMENTSObo-san (or less respectfully, bozu) is the general term for an ordaineddisciple of the Buddha. There are two other related expressions: unsui,a novice training in a Zen monastery (see "clouds and water"), andoshO-san, the designation for the master of any Buddhist temple. Theancient Chinese and Japanese Zen masters and their disciples designatedas monks in English were men who had taken the Mahayana vowsto tread the Buddha's Path and who, unmarried, lived the simple lifeof Truth-seekers either as members of a monastic community or asitinerant followers of the Way. In present-day Japan those who mostnearly approach this monkish ideal are the Zen monastery roshi andthe disciples training under them, although a few married men can befound even among them.The English word "priest" is usually applied to obo-san resident intemples, who perform various Buddhist rites for their members, giveinstruction in Buddhist doctrine, and occasionally conduct zazen classesif their temple happens to belong to the Zen sect. Those among themof the stature of a roshi hold periodic sesshin in their own temples, aswell as elsewhere, chiefly for lay people. Most Japanese priests aremarried, living with their families in the temple inherited from theirfather. Nowadays neither the Zen sect nor any other Japanese Buddhistsect demands celibacy of its priests, though Zen nuns, whether residentip. a nunnery (called ni-sodo in Japanese) or in their own temple, areforbidden to marry. See also "temple."mudra: see "tantric Buddhism."Mumonkan (Ch., Wu-men-kuan; The Gateless Barrier): This book offorty-eight koans, with comments in prose and verse by the compiler,Zen master Mumon Ekai {Ch., Wu-men Hui-k'ai), is, next to theHekigan-roku, the best-known collection of Chinese koans. The verseaccompanying each koan is usually treated as a separate koan.Nakagawa-roshi: see "Soen Nakagawa-roshi."Nangaku Ejo (Ch., Nan-yueh Huai-jang): an outstanding T'ang-dynastyZen master; a disciple of Eno, the Sixth Patriarch.Nichiren sect: a Japanese Buddhist sect founded by Nichiren (1222-82).Nichiren believers devotedly recite "Namu Myoho Renge-kyo" (Itrust in the Siitra of the Lotus of the Wonderful Law) to the vigorousaccompaniment of their own drum-beating.nirvi!J.a (J., nehan): realization of selfless "I"; satori; the experience ofChangelessness, of inner Peace and Freedom. Nirva {with a small"n") stands against saritsira, i.e., birth-and-death. Nirv (or moreexactly, pari-nirvai].a) is also used in the sense of a return to the original