Radio evolution - ICS - Universidade do Minho

Carla Reis Longhireceiving messages on the phone coming from everywhere. More than one hundred people called andconfirmed. Look at what General Orlando Geisel says, ordered by Marechal Odílio Denys, to the III Army: “Thecommander of the III Army must stop the course of action being developed by Governor Brizola”; “the III Armymust act with maximum urgency and promptness”; “make all troops of Rio Grande do Sul, that you judgeconvenient, converge to Porto Alegre”; “The AirForce must perform bombings , if necessary”; “A task-force of theNavy is on its way to Rio Grande”, and “let us know what reinforcements you need”. General Geisel says more: “Iinsist that the seriousness of the national situation is a consequence of the situation in Rio Grande do Sul, sincethe orders sent in order to restrain the actions of Governor Brizola were not yet accomplished”“We will stay here until the end. You can shoot”We highlight two aspects of this extract. First, the way the role of communication is highlighted. Brizolainsists on that fact in other speeches and statements, making clear that the coup would not have been avoided ifthere wasn´t a medium of communication able to become national and international; communication, ensuredand maintained by the radio broadcasters made it possible to inform, promote awareness of the citizen role to befulfilled, the social mobilization which became the essential factor for the movement´s victory. All discourses pointat this direction: without radio broadcasting, the masses wouldn´t have gone out on the streets; they wouldn´thave gathered at the main square; they wouldn´t have offered themselves in collaboration; national andinternational force wouldn´t have been created, a fact which pressured a great part of the political representativesto join the legality movement.Here, we highlight the second aspect presented in the discourse and essential for the movement: themobilization in favor of order and legality; every moment it is highlighted on the various speeches. The movementwants the compliance of the Constitution which ensures the right of ascension of the Vice-President when thePresident´s position is vacant. The far-right groups defend that the vice cannot become President. Again, GeneralLott, now retired, but still a legalist believer, mobilizes the legalist sectors in favor of the law enforcement. It is the“Campaign for Legality” moving the political scenario. Its role is fundamental, and we will retake it on thefollowing quote:The good news, however, came from Rio de Janeiro, where Marechal Henrique Teixeira Lott, retired but withgreat political prestige, distributes, on the night of 25th, a manifest to the Nation. The text says that, in spite ofthe efforts to restrain the War minister from stopping Goulart´s ascension, his plea, he stated, were useless. Lottdeclared:“(...) I call all living forces of the country, the forces of production and thought, the students and the intellectuals,the workers and people in general, to take a decisive and energetic stand in respect to the Constitution, in orderto fully preserve the Brazilian democracy, yet certain that my comrades from the Armed Forces will know how tobehave in accordance to the standards of the legalist tradition which mark their history in the Nation´s destiny.”Before being arrested, by orders of Denys, Lott told Brizola to look for some members of the military in RioGrande do Sul, who would be in favor of a legal end to the crisis, such as Colonel Roberto Osório and ColonelAssis Brasil, the General Pery Belivácqua and the Commander of the First Cavalry, General Oromar Osório. Lateafternoon on the same day, the first street protests emerged in Porto Alegre. (Ferreira, 1997, p. 6, translatedfrom the Portuguese)Such factor reinforces the perception that the military were not formed homogenously and, amongst them,a legalist group always existed, in favor of the formal compliance of the law, a group which, once again, wasessential in the given political context. The way the “Network of Legality” worked reinforces, also, the role ofcultural mediation established by the radio discourse. Once again, we can see the profound interaction betweenthe discourse and the symbolic universe of the radio listener, but not only in terms of the workers value, but oftheir citizenship. The audience is called to perform a citizen role and they can identify with such role, because itensures a social distinction as a citizen and creates a network of solidarity, another strong component of thereference of the popular culture. We can, then, check, that the “Campaign for Legality” can only be victoriousthrough the integration of the different given factors, political, social and cultural factors, realized and stitchedtogether by Brizola through the radio discourse. The power of Jango, however, is not totally ensured. It has to be364 | ECREA: Radio Evolution: technology, content, audiences – conference 2011