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Strain-Based Measurement Introduction:tical to the electrically-referenced absolute method except that the zerooutput of the sensor is not artificially elevated. The same lead exit pressureconsiderations apply in the case of the psis device as apply in thepsia-electrically-referenced sensor. Reference Figure 1-43.FIGURE 1-43. The Sealed-Gage Reference:OutputAppliedPressureSeal (usually epoxy)Lead wiresAtmospheric Pressure Sealed Inside0mV-14.7 mV@ 1mV/Psis14.7 PsiaPressurePSIG (Gage Pressure):The internal cavity of the psig-referenced device is deliberately ventedto atmosphere. Bending of the sensor diaphragm will be in proportionto the difference in pressure between the measurand and the nominalatmospheric pressure present at the reference port. Reference Figure 1-42.FIGURE 1-44. The Gage Pressure Reference:Output@ 1 mV/PsigApplied PressureAtmospheric Pressure0 mV-14.7 mVPressureAtmospheric(Approximately 14.7 Psia)CHAPTER 1-76 The Art of Practical and Precise Strain Based Measurement 2nd Edition © 1999
Applications Note 1-12:PSID (Differential Pressure):The differential pressure sensor spring member bends in direct proportionto the difference in pressure applied across the spring member. ReferenceFigure 1-45. In some highly-symmetrical designs (ie: variable reluctance)the bending member can show high-symmetry of response in positive-versus-negativebending where either port of the sensor can be at a higherpressure than the other port. In other designs, particularly the flush-diaphragmtypes, the internal cavity of the device is generally defined as thelow pressure port. The low- or high-pressure ports may well have maximumline pressure (P line = (P 1 + P 2 )/2) tolerances due to strength and seallimitations. Generally, if positive bending only is to be supported, the sensorshould then be calibrated for positive bending. If positive and negativebending are to be supported, the sensor should then be bi-directional calibratedin each bending direction.Line Pressure:Differential pressure sensor specifications require the definition of severalpressures; P 1 , P 2 , P line and P ambient . In designs intended for high line pressureuse, where the housing of the sensor will be maintained at close toambient pressure, large pressure differences will exist between the insideof the sensor and external ambient pressure environment. In high line-pressureapplications, the high internal pressure acts not only across the springmember, but on all internal areas producing potentially large housingstrains. Since these strains will produce tensile stresses within the springmember, the differential pressure sensitivity of the sensor may be significantlyreduced at high line pressures. It should also be noted that high linepressures with the external case of the sensor maintained at ambient pressureusually implies that the lead wires exiting the sensor structure have anincreased tendency for leakage. To reduce line pressure effects and thepotential for lead exit leakage, high line pressure designs are sometimesconfigured so that the pressure surrounding the sensor is maintained ateither P 1 or P 2 rather than ambient pressure. When specifying the performanceof high line pressure differential sensors be careful to specify theThe Art of Practical and Precise Strain Based Measurement 2nd Edition © 1999 CHAPTER 1-77
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The Art of Practical andPrecise Str
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Special Credits:Mrs. Helen Pierson,
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Table of ContentsBy James G. Pierso
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ContentsApplications Note 4-10:Lead
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ContentsCHAPTER 8Electrical Conside
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CHAPTER 1Strain-BasedMeasurementInt
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Applications Note 1-1: Introduction
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Applications Note 1-1: Introduction
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Applications Note 1-2:The Art of Ap
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Applications Note 1-31. The presenc
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Applications Note 1-3result in a pe
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Applications Note 1-4:The measureme
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Applications Note 1-4:uncertainty i
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Applications Note 1-5:All strain-ba
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Applications Note 1-6:Applications
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Applications Note 1-6:ical size of
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Applications Note 1-6:and where:j i
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