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Chapter 1Using the activate and deactivate arguments you can active and deactivate adevice that is attached to a mirror, which would be useful in removing or replacinga hot-swappable hard disk. When a device is deactivated inside a mirror set, itwill not attach itself to the mirror automatically, even after a reboot, unless you reactivatethe device using the activate argument.To add a new device to the mirror set, or to remove a device permanently, the insertand remove arguments can be used, respectively. The remove argument also clearsmetadata from the given device. This is shown in the following command lines:# gmirror insert mirror1 da2# gmirror remove mirror1 da1If you want to change the configuration of a mirrored volume (for example, changingbalance algorithm on the fly), the configure argument can be used:# gmirror configure –b load mirror1In case of disk failure, when a device is faulty and cannot be reconnected to themirror, the forget argument will tell gmirror to remove all faulty components.Once you replace the faulty disk with a brand new one, you can use the insertargument to attach a new disk to the array, and start synchronizing data.Disk ConcatenationThis method is used to concatenate multiple physical hard disks to create biggervolumes, beyond the capacity of one hard disk. The difference between this methodand RAID0 's is that, in this method, data is written to the disk sequentially. Thismeans that the system will fill the first device first, and the second device will beused only when there is no space left on the first device. This method does not offerany performance improvements or redundancy.To create a concatenated volume, the gconcat(8) facility is available. As in RAID0,there are two methods to create a concatenated volume—manual and automatic.Using the create parameter, you can create a manual concatenated volume andattach the desired physical disks. In this method, as no metadata will be writtenon the disk, the system will not be able to detect and reconfigure the volume aftersystem reboots.In order to create an automatic concatenated volume, the label parameter shouldbe used:# gconcat label concat1 da0 da1 da2[ 27 ]
System Configuration—DisksOnce a volume is created using either the manual or the automatic method, it shouldbe formatted using newfs as shown as follows:# newfs /dev/concat/concat1# mount /dev/concat/concat1 /mntThere is no way to remove a device from a concatenated volume. However, youcan add new disks to an existing volume, and grow the size of the file system onthe volume:# gconcat label concat1 da3 da4# growfs /dev/concat/concat1To stop a concatenated volume, the stop argument is used. However this will notremove the volume permanently. The clear argument will remove the concatenatedvolume permanently, and also remove the GEOM metadata from the last sector ofthe attached devices.SummaryThe impact of disk I/O should not be overlooked when performance is a concern. Awell configured storage will dramatically improve the system's overall performance.This chapter introduces the necessary tips and information a system administratorneeds, to tweak the storage setup on a FreeBSD server. We have also seen how totake backups, weed out system redundancy and improve performance usingRAID arrays, and ways and means of creating and managing virtual memorypartitions, effectively.[ 28 ]
Page 2 and 3: Network Administration withFreeBSD
Page 4 and 5: CreditsAuthorBabak FarrokhiProject
Page 6: About the ReviewerRoman Bogorodskiy
Page 9 and 10: Table of ContentsCVS Branch Tag 37C
Page 11 and 12: Table of ContentsNetwork Testing To
Page 13 and 14: Table of ContentsWeb 227Apache 228V
Page 15 and 16: PrefaceWhat This Book CoversChapter
Page 17 and 18: PrefaceA block of code will be set
Page 20 and 21: System Configuration—DisksDisk I/
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 1Depending on your system I
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 1In the above example, I cr
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 1The following example show
Page 28 and 29: Chapter 1To unmount the mounted sna
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 1Soft limit is the conditio
Page 32 and 33: Chapter 1A typical full backup usin
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 1A typical restore procedur
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 1In all the above examples,
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 1The newly created and form
Page 42 and 43: System Configuration—Keeping it U
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 2After choosing to track th
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 2Edit src/UPDATING...Finish
Page 48 and 49: Running CVSup brings your ports col
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 2The FreeBSD security offic
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 2If there is no /usr/src/sy
Page 57 and 58: System Configuration—Keeping it U
Page 60 and 61: System Configuration—Software Pac
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 3# makeMaking all in script
Page 64 and 65: Chapter 3The pkg_delete(1) needs th
Page 66 and 67: Chapter 3Targetrmconfigrmconfig-rec
Page 68 and 69: Chapter 3you decide to change the o
Page 70 and 71: Chapter 3In the above example, the
Page 72 and 73: Chapter 3# portversion -voL =thunde
Page 74: Chapter 3Another thing to remember
Page 77 and 78: System Configuration—System Manag
Page 88 and 89: System Configuration—JailsFreeBSD
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Chapter 5Setting Up a JailCreating
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Chapter 5The local address field ha
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• Set root password using the pas
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Chapter 5As you have noticed from t
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Chapter 5Jail LimitationsThe FreeBS
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System Configuration—Tuning Perfo
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Network Configuration—BasicsFreeB
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Chapter 7Flag nameLOOPBACKPOINTTOPO
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Chapter 7When an interface is marke
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Chapter 7You can also shorten the s
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Chapter 7Once your new kernel with
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Chapter 7To find out the capabiliti
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Chapter 7From now on, the parent in
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Chapter 7You have to use the tso4 a
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Chapter 7There may be some rare cir
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Default RoutingIf an outgoing packe
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The following is a sample resolv.co
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Chapter 72 8.14.32.209 (8.14.32.209
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Chapter 7bge1 1500 00:16:35:80:ac:
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Chapter 7There are several tools av
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For example, the following command
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Chapter 7SummaryFreeBSD has most of
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Network Configuration—TunnelingIn
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Network Configuration—TunnelingNo
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Network Configuration—TunnelingTu
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Network Configuration—TunnelingTh
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Network Configuration—TunnelingOn
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Network Configuration—TunnelingTo
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Network Configuration—PPPPPP over
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Network Configuration—PPPOption-d
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Network Configuration—PPPThe next
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Network Configuration—PPPAs we ha
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Network Configuration—PPPThere ma
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Network Configuration—Routing and
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Chapter 10192.168.129.64 ff:ff:ff:f
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Chapter 10You can add a route to th
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Chapter 10These daemons update the
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Chapter 10}interface fxp0{auth-key
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Chapter 10A sample bgpd.conf file l
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Chapter 10The term Forwarding Infor
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Chapter 1067:65:31:00:00:00 1 flags
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Chapter 10The keyword pub tells ARP
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Network Configuration—IPv6FreeBSD
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Network Configuration—IPv6inet6 f
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Network Configuration—IPv6To enab
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Network Configuration—IPv6A sampl
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Network Configuration—FirewallsPa
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Network Configuration—FirewallsTh
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Network Configuration—FirewallsYo
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Network Configuration—FirewallsDy
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Network Configuration—FirewallsKe
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Network Configuration—FirewallsPF
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Network Configuration—FirewallsTh
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Network Configuration—FirewallsYo
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Network Configuration—FirewallsAs
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Network Services—InternetServersF
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Chapter 13In case you want to add a
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Chapter 13Once a match is found, tc
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To create a SSH public/private key
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Chapter 13There may also be cases w
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Chapter 13Using this method, the SM
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Chapter 13Once the host is synchron
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Chapter 13There is another option,
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Chapter 13MonitoringWhile setting u
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Chapter 13FTPSince SFTP (from SSH t
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You should also fix the permissions
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Chapter 13Note the NONE keyword, wh
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Chapter 13Postfix configuration fil
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# rm data# ln -s homepage dataChapt
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Chapter 13Luckily, Squid is availab
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Chapter 13SummaryFreeBSD can be use
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Network Services—Local Network Se
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Domain Name System. See DNSDynamic
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encryption, applying on packets 139
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RRAID-GEOM framework, systemconfigu
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