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System Configuration—Software Package ManagementportupgradeThe main utility in this collection is portupgrade(1). As the name suggests, itis used to upgrade the installed packages. Using portupgrade, you can simplyupgrade a package as well as its dependencies (the packages that this packagedepends upon) and dependent packages (the packages that depend upon thispackage). You can upgrade single or multiple packages based on the criteria youspecify:# portupgrade –r sjitterThis command will upgrade the sjitter port to the latest available version that itcan find in the ports system.# portupgrade –ri 'php*'This command will upgrade all the installed packages whose name starts with "php"as well as all the dependant ports, that need to be upgraded. You will also be askedbefore each upgrade, thanks to the -i parameter.You can also choose to update from the packages rather than rebuild the port fromthe source code, which might be less time consuming in some cases. This mayinclude upgrading KDE, which takes hours while building from the source, but onlya few minutes to upgrade using the packages.# portupgrade –rP 'mysql*'This command tries to upgrade all the installed packages whose name starts with"mysql" and their dependent ports using packages. The portugprade tries to findrelevant packages locally or from the online repository. However, if a package is notavailable, portupgrade proceeds to build the package from source. You can overridethis behavior by specifying -PP. In this case, the upgrade process will fail, if a prebuiltpackage is not available.# portupgrade –aUsing -a parameter, you can upgrade all the installed packages to the latest version.This is time consuming but it would be a very good idea to give it a try, once in awhile. You may also want to specify the -i parameter, so that you will be askedbefore any package is being upgraded.portversionThe portversion(1) utility is used to compare the version of installed packageswith the ports available in the ports repository. By running portversion aftersynchronizing your local ports repository, you can find out, which of the installedpackages is out-of-date and needs to be updated.[ 58 ]