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$CBA SMA\SMA 2002.PDF - Council for British Archaeology$




DIAGRAM SHOWING THE LIMITATIONS OF THE RECONSTRUCTED SECTIONSecklow Hill (MK 300)Section Lineto which theReconstructionApproximatesIdeal Section Line(Through theCentre of theMound)Reconstruction Of A Section Through The MoundAreas of Concentrated...'..""n'Red-Brown Staining(Old Turf-Lines?)TRENCH 6 . NORTH FACE TRENCH 7 : SOUTH FACETopsoilMound Materiel............................ ---------UNEXCAVATEDTopsoilMound lastriIDitchMound MattiI..... .......................----------------.--------------UNEXCAVATED-111111,..4pwill111111111111ifilllmmmimmin:Mound IlstriIDitchDitch1111111111111 Topsoil (Acidic)11111 AcidicNeutral0MetresAlkalineCPOpH Value of Tested SamplesThe Reconstructed Section Showing The Variation In pH of The Mound MaterialFigure 12
51between them (Fig. 12).This blurring of layer boundaries seems to be a combination of severalfactors. A large amount of disturbance by roots and animals was visible inmost sections, and this would contribute. Similarly, most sections showedevidence of worm-sorting, and some appeared completely stone-free from thetopsoil down almost to the surface of the natural clay. In the E end oftrench 6, red-brown lines resembling old turf lines could be seen in thesections. These became fainter and finally disappeared towards the W end ofthe trench. (see reconstructed section). The hypothesis was put forward thatsince the circular ditch was not of sufficlient size to account for the existingdepth of soil within, let alone any mound that had been previously visible,the mound must have been made of turf and soil and the red-brown lines werethe last vestiges of the stacked turf. To test this, soil samples were takenalong the sides of Trench 6 and tested for pH value. These tests showed achange from acidity to alkalinity moving from E to W along the trench (seereconstructed section). These results would seem to be consistent with thetheory of a turf mound since the only soil on site that proved to be acidic(other than the highly humified topsoil) was the soil in which the "turf lines"were visible.On balance, it seems most likely that originally the site consisted of alow turf mound surrounded by a shallow circular ditch. The mound thenweathered and/or was deliberately levelled, and any remaining layers weredisturbed by roots, animals and earthworms.Very few finds were made but pottery of Roman and medieval dates and somepossibly Belgic was recovered from the fill of the ditch. Only one featurewas discovered beneath the mound in the area excavated: this was an irregularhollow or shallow pit cut into the natural clay. It varied between 80cm. and2.80m. wide, and was 20cm. deep, and contained a few sherds of Saxon(?)pottery. It is most probable that this was an earlier feature that had alreadysilted up before the mound was built. Roman sherds were found justabove the natural clay within the ditch in what could be the old soil levelunder the mound. The absence of an observable buried soil and the abundantevidence of the activity of earthworms, however, cast doubt on the possibilityof these finds being in situ.Just outside the circular ditch was a shallow gulley running at an acuteangle to it. This gulley, 50cm. wide and 20cm. deep, did not meet the circularditch within the excavated area, thus the relationship between these twofeatures could not be established. To the S, another shallow gulley was discoveredrunning approximately EW. This gulley, which produced a few Romansherds, was 50cm. wide and 20cm. deep and its course was traced for a distanceof 16m. It seems quite likely that this is a drainage gulley running alongsidea medieval or possibly earlier trackway shown on old ordnance maps, perhapseven a Roman road, although this is not on the line of the roads suggested bythe Viatores. Two other features were observed, both under the nearby disusedroad (Common Lane). One of these was a ditch or trench 2m. wide and 60cm. deepthat had been cut along the line of the road. It was traced for 23m, and itsfill was heavy blue clay with occasional pieces of limestone. It appeared tohave been cut through one layer of hardcore laid down for the road and thesubsidence in the top of its fill had been filled up with large limestonerubble in order to make a good road surface. No pipes or cables were foundwithin it, and although it is probably a modern feature, its date, purpose andexact relationship to the road are unknown.The other feature found under the road was a gravel layer lying on thesurface of the natural clay. This gravel layer was very thin (3-4cm.), but
Page 3: fce&A.J.COUNCIL FOR BRITISH ARCHAEO
Page 6 and 7: 2PREHISTORICMARSWORTH,Buckinghamshi
Page 8 and 9: L'The number of flints illustrated
Page 10 and 11: .DORt$1FiTER.:577S(144.50Otel Stree
Page 12 and 13: 8Key for Figure 4No. 1 Beaker with
Page 14 and 15: 10EXCAVATIONS AT MIDDLETON STONEY,
Page 16 and 17: 12ANGLO-SAXONNORTHAMPTONSHIRE CEMET
Page 18 and 19: 14RAUNDS, Northamptonshire (SP 9987
Page 20 and 21: GROVE PRIORYf,,,,,,,,,,,,,Figure 6
Page 22 and 23: 18The decay of this church was inev
Page 24 and 25: 20in an otherwise unflinty very dar
Page 26 and 27: 22s Neolithic flints and parts of p
Page 28 and 29: 214in a single village. It also gav
Page 30 and 31: AERIAL SURVEYS - Jim PickeringA num
Page 32 and 33: 28traction site at Newnham near Bed
Page 34 and 35: .INFORMATIONINHERITEDSURVIVALSsites
Page 36 and 37: 32HISTORIC ENVIRONMENTPARISH SURVEY
Page 38 and 39: 34of owner and condition of site; f
Page 40 and 41: 5. Excavation, Post-Excavation and
Page 42 and 43: 38sites and five sites at which Rom
Page 44 and 45: 40NORTHAMPTON CASTLE (Site Code M13
Page 46 and 47: 142MILTON KEYNES,DEVELOPMENT CORPOR
Page 48 and 49: small area beyond the water main wa
Page 50 and 51: salvage operations which took place
Page 52 and 53: THE ROMAN FEATURESIn its earliest p
Page 56 and 57: 52did seem to be specifically conce
Page 58 and 59: , i"1111!'.LTrsG j4.-+...1';r1* pp.
Page 60 and 61: 56Building 32This was a small lean-
Page 62 and 63: 58POST EXCAVATIONRomanThe Bradwell
Page 64 and 65: 60twenty early maps of villages wit
Page 66 and 67: 62OXFORDSHIRE COUATY COUNCIL DEPART
Page 68 and 69: 6)4//TitEARTHWORKSWORKED FLINTS1,,b
Page 71 and 72: 67route across the Chil Brook strea
Page 73 and 74: 69\ 1 1/it\\\L/Figure 20bside and i
Page 75 and 76: 7116, Ock Street similarly began as
Page 77 and 78: 73MINSTER LOVELL , Oxon.DOVECOTE AT
Page 81 and 82: 77known within the parish at presen
Page 83 and 84: 79number of smaller closes by 1620.
Page 85 and 86: 810 Metres 100L:C1111:177STANTONHOU
Page 87 and 88: 83The two surviving pubs in the vil
Page 89 and 90: 85Stone-quarry (PRN 1021) and limek
Page 91 and 92: 87Richard, R.L. (ed)The progress no
Page 93 and 94: 894. Central village nucleusEarthwo
Page 95 and 96: 91BUILDINGSThe oldest surviving bui
Page 97 and 98: 93interior has suffered badly from
Page 99 and 100: 95OXFORDSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL UNIT 1
Page 101 and 102: 97the Unit's publication programme
Page 103 and 104: 99the University continue to grow n
Page 105 and 106:
101NEW ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES ON THE
Page 107 and 108:
103Shrivenham (SU 263877) ? Field S
Page 109 and 110:
105FINSTOCK, Topples - Richard Cham
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 31ABINGDON/RADLEY, BARTON CO
Page 113 and 114:
1094s...ISiII.II11..0.0 ..... .....
Page 115 and 116:
,et/11,11MMMU/ f Pitt WU? eimtI:,.,
Page 117 and 118:
113HARDWICK with YELFORDAMMISMVA00M
Page 119 and 120:
water features filled insince 1810o
Page 121 and 122:
117St. Helen's Church and the adjac
Page 123 and 124:
1surface119OXFORD, St. Mary's Colle
Page 125 and 126:
121of some arable land (V.C.H. Oxon
Page 127 and 128:
123Opportunities for archaeologists
Page 129 and 130:
125Luton MuseumThe Curator, Wardown
Page 131 and 132:
127Oxford University Institute of A
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