Therefore, a study is put forward <strong>with</strong> the purpose of exam<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g the feasibility and test-retestreliability of both the six-m<strong>in</strong>ute walk<strong>in</strong>g distance test (6MWD) as an adapted shuttle run test(aSRT) <strong>in</strong> persons <strong>with</strong> SIMD.Chapter 5 exam<strong>in</strong>es the feasibility, validity and reliability of the adapted Shuttle Run Testperformed on a treadmill, <strong>in</strong> persons <strong>with</strong> SIMD.Sufficient balance is necessary to perform daily activities. Chapter 6 discusses a study <strong>with</strong> thepurpose of determ<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g the feasibility and reliability of the modified Berg Balance Scale (mBBS)<strong>in</strong> persons <strong>with</strong> SIMD.The Modified Ashworth Scale and the Modified Tardieu Scale Muscle exam<strong>in</strong>e muscle tonusor level of spasticity. The purpose of the study described <strong>in</strong> Chapter 7 was to determ<strong>in</strong>e thefeasibility, the test-retest reliability and <strong>in</strong>terrater reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale andthe Modified Tardieu Scale <strong>in</strong> persons <strong>with</strong> PIMD.Reliably quantify<strong>in</strong>g <strong>physical</strong> activity levels <strong>in</strong> persons <strong>with</strong> SPIMD is important, but alsodifficult <strong>in</strong> persons who are not able to walk. Heart rate monitor<strong>in</strong>g may be an <strong>in</strong>dicator ofactivity levels. Chapter 8 describes heart rate monitor<strong>in</strong>g and heart rate patterns of persons<strong>with</strong> PIMD. Furthermore, this chapter exam<strong>in</strong>es the relative activity of persons <strong>with</strong> PIMD whencompared to ACSM guidel<strong>in</strong>es of healthy <strong>physical</strong> activity, as well as the correlation betweenheart rate patterns and level of activity for this specific target group. F<strong>in</strong>ally, the <strong>in</strong>fluence ofcovariates such as gender, age, and common co-morbidity on heart rate height are exam<strong>in</strong>ed andparticipants are classified accord<strong>in</strong>g to heart rate height dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>physical</strong> activity.Chapter 9 summarizes the ma<strong>in</strong> f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs and puts them <strong>in</strong> perspective. Implications andrecommendations for further research, methodological analyses and cl<strong>in</strong>ical practice are given.Chapter 1 | 17
References1 Schalock R, Brown I, Brown R, Cumm<strong>in</strong>s RA, Felce D, Matikka L, Keith KD, Parmenter T.Conceptualization, Measurement, and Application of Quality of Life for <strong>Persons</strong> WithIntellectual Disabilities: Report of an International Panel of Experts. Ment Retard.2002;40(6):457-470.2 Walsh PN, Kerr M, Van Schrojenste<strong>in</strong> Lantman-de Valk HM. Health <strong>in</strong>dicators for people <strong>with</strong><strong>in</strong>tellectual disabilities: a European perspective. Eur J Public Health. 2003;13(3 Suppl):47-503 World Health Organization (WHO). International Classification of Function<strong>in</strong>g, Disability andHealth. Geneva, 20014 Van Splunder J, Stilma JS, Bernsen RM, Evenhuis HM. Prevalence of visual impairment<strong>in</strong> adults <strong>with</strong> <strong>in</strong>tellectual disabilities <strong>in</strong> the Netherlands: cross-sectional study. Eye (Lond)2006;20(9):1004-10.5 Van den Broek EG, Janssen CG, van RT, Deen L. Visual impairments <strong>in</strong> people <strong>with</strong> severeand profound multiple disabilities: an <strong>in</strong>ventory of visual function<strong>in</strong>g. J IntellectDisabil Res 2006;50(Pt 6):470-5.6 Kiestra T, De unieke handicap, referentiemodel voor meervoudige beperk<strong>in</strong>gen. 2005,ISBN 9080638420, Scholma Druk, Bedum7 Evenhuis HM, Sjoukes L, Koot HM, Kooijman AC. Does visual impairment lead to additionaldisability <strong>in</strong> adults <strong>with</strong> <strong>in</strong>tellectual disabilities? J Intellect Disabil Res. 2009;53(1):19-28.8 Van Schrojenste<strong>in</strong> Lantman-de Valk HMJ, Metsemakers JFM, Haveman MJ, Crebolder HFJM.Health problems <strong>in</strong> people <strong>with</strong> <strong>in</strong>tellectual disability <strong>in</strong> general practice: A comparativestudy. Family Practice. 2000;17:405–4079 Nakken H & Vlaskamp C. A need for a taxonomy for profound <strong>in</strong>tellectual and multipledisabilities. J Policy Practice Int Dis.2007;4;83-7.10 Carmeli E, Bar-Yossef T, Ariav C, Paz R, Sabbaq H, Levy R. Sensorimotor impairments andstrategies <strong>in</strong> adults <strong>with</strong> <strong>in</strong>tellectual disabilities. Motor Control. 2008;12(4):348-61.11 Sh<strong>in</strong>kfield AJ, Sparrow WA, Day RH. Visual discrim<strong>in</strong>ation and motor reproduction ofmovement by <strong>in</strong>dividuals <strong>with</strong> mental retardation. Am J Ment Retard. 1997;102(2):172-81.12 Bhaumik S, Watson JM, Thorp CF, Tyrer F, Mc Grother CW. Body mass <strong>in</strong>dex <strong>in</strong> adults <strong>with</strong><strong>in</strong>tellectual disability: distribution, association and service implications: a population-basedprevalence study. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2008;52(Pt 4):287-98.13 McGuire BE, Daly P, Smyth F. Lifestyle and health behaviours of adults <strong>with</strong> an <strong>in</strong>tellectualdisability. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2007;51(Pt 7):497-510.14 Frey GC & Chow B. Relationship between BMI, <strong>physical</strong> <strong>fitness</strong>, and motor skills <strong>in</strong> youth <strong>with</strong>mild <strong>in</strong>tellectual disabilities. Int J Obes. 2006;30:861-867.15 Knijff-Raeven van AGM, Jansen-Jacobs CCM, Freen PJW, Hoekman J, Maaskant MA. BodyMass Index (BMI) bij mensen met een verstandelijke beperk<strong>in</strong>g. Nederlands Tijdschrift voorde Zorg aan mensen met verstandelijke beperk<strong>in</strong>gen. 2005;1:3-17.16 Laht<strong>in</strong>en U, R<strong>in</strong>tala P, Mal<strong>in</strong> A. Physical performance of <strong>in</strong>dividuals <strong>with</strong> <strong>in</strong>tellectual disability:a 30 year follow up. Adapt Phys Act Q. 2007;24: 125-143.17 Stevenson RD, Conaway M, Chumlea WC, Rosenbaum, O’Donnell, Samson-Fang L, Stall<strong>in</strong>gsVA, Fung EB, Henderson RC, Worley G, Liptak G. Growth and Health <strong>in</strong> Children WithModerate-to-<strong>Severe</strong> Cerebral Palsy. Pediatrics. 2006;118:1010-1018.18 Draheim CC, Williams DP, MCCubb<strong>in</strong> JA. Prevalence of <strong>physical</strong> <strong>in</strong>activity and recommended<strong>physical</strong> activity <strong>in</strong> community-based adults <strong>with</strong> mental retardation. Ment Retard.18 | Chapter 1
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References1 Emerson E. Underweight,
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Judith van der Boom, dank je wel vo
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