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white flight to the suburbs. Would they accept Civil War movies, which did not takeaccount of the new reality of civil rights and national identity? Or would Hollywood takeup the new mood of inclusion?110
1 Martin Luther King Jr.'s, speech, Washington D. C., 28 August, 1963.2Adam Fairclough, Better Day Coming: Blacks and Equality, 1890-2000 (New York: Penguin Books, 2002),221; Gary Gerstle, American Crucible: Race and Nation in the Twentieth Century (Princeton: PrincetonUniversity Press, 2001), 281.3 Fairclough, Better Day Coming, 223-4.4 Herman Eugene Talmadge, You and Segregation, 1955, quoted in Thomas Borstleman, The Cold War andthe Color Line: American Race Relations in the Global Arena (Cambridge, Massachusetts: HarvardUniversity Press, 2001) 108.Ellen Schrecker, Many Are the Crimes: McCarthvism in America (Princeton: Princeton University Press,1998), 393.6 C. Van Woodward, The Burden of Southern History (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press,revised 1968, first published 1960), 11.7 Tom P. Brady, 'Black Monday: Segregation or Amalgamation....America Has Its Choice' quoted in AlisonGraham, Framing the South: Hollywood, Television, and Race During the Civil Rights Struggle (Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001), 18; Gerstle, American Crucible, 281. This tract, published in July1954, became the manifesto of the White Citizens' Councils.8 Jackson Daily News, Mississippi, 18 May 1954 quoted by Yasuhiro Katagiri, "Blurring the Color-Line?:Reflections on Interracial and Multiracial America, "49th Parallel -An Interdisciplinary Journal of NorthAmerican Studies, 6, (2000/01). Available from:http//artsweb.bham.ac.uk/49thparallel/backissue6/KATlGlRl.HTM (accessed 11 July, 2003).9 Brian Henderson, The Searchers: An American Dilemma.' Film Quarterly, 34 (Winter, 1980/1), 20.10 Joel Williamson, A Rage for Order: Black/White relations in the American South Since Emancipation(New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), 268.1 ' Harold J Leff and Jerold L. Simmons, Dame in the Kimono: Hollywood, Censorship and the ProductionCode (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2001), 194-208, 220, 224-5.12 Motion Picture Production Code (1934), II 3.6.13 It is now accepted that Thomas Jefferson sired mulatto children and it has been recently revealed that thechampion of segregation, Strom Thurmond, did likewise. The Guardian Weekend, 10 January, 2005.14 Michael Coyne, The Crowded Prairie: American National Identity in the Hollywood Western (London andNew York: I. B. Tauris, 1997), 70; Graham, Framing the South, 133-4.15 Alan Le May, The Searchers (New York: Curtis Publishing Company, 1954).16 In the novel Laurie goes further in her hatred, 168-9.17 Henderson, The Searchers,' 34, 7.18 The book suggests that Ethan changes his mind as he rushes through Scar's camp chasing a figure that hethinks is Debbie. It is not. The Native American woman turns round and shoots him, 217.19 Henderson, The Searchers, 22-3.20 Written, produced and directed by Sam Fuller.21 Interview with Sam Fuller, reported in the University of California, Los Angeles, Film <strong>Archive</strong>, 1990 (PCAfile on Run of the Arrow, Margaret Herrick Library, Los Angeles).Ill
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Greenwich Academic Literature Archi
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REEL WARS: COLD WAR, CIVIL RIGHTSAN
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ABSTRACTThis study is an examinatio
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ABBREVIATIONSAMPASAHRBirthCommissio
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Historians using film as a resource
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dominated America's foreign policy
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Mary L. Dudziak explores this relat
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pure and simple' and were therefore
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historical texts. Hayden White comp
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Historians, history films and film
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How have sympathetic film historian
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Therefore historians can, with over
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identity and these were taken as th
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21 George F. Custen, 'Hollywood and
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63 Rosenstone, The Historical Film,
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of Honor dedicated to, and listing,
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War.....[it] defined us as to what
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The Civil War and popular cultureJu
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memory,53 the place where Union and
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Despite being a new medium Hollywoo
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From the late 1940s Hollywood was u
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1 William Faulkner, Requiem for a N
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36 Blight, Race and Reunion, 77, 81
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mainly composed of members of the w
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there was cowardice, it was either
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This was another Lost Cause myth -
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stuff with plenty of clothes, rich
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women into or within slavery. 47 Th
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departure when, in the discussion o
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1 William Dean Howells, Los Angeles
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37 Melvyn Stokes, The Civil War in
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All races and religions, that's Ame
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Page 69 and 70: charged with disloyalty and silence
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Page 73 and 74: a living. The daughters grow up to
Page 75 and 76: Gettysburg. 'You know,' says Henry,
Page 77 and 78: combining two great myths, which co
Page 79 and 80: (1948), Tom Dunson's style of autoc
Page 81 and 82: Patriotism became a white attribute
Page 83 and 84: In the absence of African Americans
Page 85 and 86: (Horizons West) and businessmen (An
Page 87 and 88: year later, and there was no lead f
Page 89 and 90: 20 Mary L. Dudziak, Cold War, Civil
Page 91 and 92: 56 Richard White, 'Western History'
Page 93 and 94: 7 have seen the promised land.' 'Th
Page 95 and 96: those between whites and African Am
Page 97 and 98: change, to forget what made him, he
Page 99 and 100: eported that the film had 'already
Page 101 and 102: campaigning for Lincoln. John's rea
Page 103 and 104: lack/white relationships, in Civil
Page 105 and 106: McCarthy discredited and a more rel
Page 107 and 108: dispute which once divided our nati
Page 109 and 110: pressure, continued to hold. The me
Page 111 and 112: discrimination, attempts at univers
Page 113 and 114: talks about Lincoln pleading that '
Page 115 and 116: creativity. The Confederates use a
Page 117: police in Birmingham and Kennedy's
Page 121 and 122: 44 Blight, Race and Reunion, 8-11,
Page 123 and 124: - self-belief, reasons for fighting
Page 125 and 126: Sexploitation - which reversed the
Page 127 and 128: would surely recognise the Mexicans
Page 129 and 130: There are similar examples in Major
Page 131 and 132: on working class whites nor receive
Page 133 and 134: The conflict between civil rights a
Page 135 and 136: e trusted from the wiles of the mis
Page 137 and 138: field-hands are too valuable an inv
Page 139 and 140: moving the civil rights agenda to a
Page 141 and 142: McBurney, even though he is wounded
Page 143 and 144: Most reviewers were sympathetic, se
Page 145 and 146: conservatism,' as a natural ally fo
Page 147 and 148: By the early 1970s, Hollywood's opt
Page 149 and 150: 20 Enoch, in Friendly Persuasion (1
Page 151 and 152: 62 Johnson called what happened the
Page 153 and 154: The world is white no longer; and i
Page 155 and 156: proceed with civil rights legislati
Page 157 and 158: would have been counter to the poli
Page 159 and 160: mid-1990s was rejected as the compa
Page 161 and 162: those historians who were contestin
Page 163 and 164: 1 James Baldwin, Stranger in the Vi
Page 165 and 166: 39 Robert Brent Toplin, Reel Histor
Page 167 and 168: 1210mmmto3sCT>The number of America
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There is a third problem - that of
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the Library of Congress and the Uni
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mainly contain copies of correspond
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killing. There were two other areas
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are 'no compensating moral values a
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epresented.' 32 However, this was t
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Reference has already been made to
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It is in the final period that anti
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22 Letter from Shurlock to William
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Year Director Company190819091910Ba
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191119121912Grant and LincolnHe Fou
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19131913Call to Arms, TheCarpenter,
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1915 Birth of a Nation, TheColonel
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19341935193619371938193919401941194
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Searchers, TheShowdown at AbileneTh
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Alien, Robert C., and Douglas Gomer
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Cassidy, John M., Civil War Cinema:
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Foner, Eric, Who Owns History, (New
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Landy, Marcia, (ed.), The Historica
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Prince, Stephen, A New Pot of Gold:
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Sternsher, Bernard, Consensus, Conf
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