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analyse data into a justifiable pattern of causes and consequences. Film historians seem toconcentrate more on the films and do not place sufficient emphasis on the context.This thesis finishes in the mid-1970s with the end of the last cycle of Civil War films, butthe interest in, and the issues of, the Civil War have not gone away. Any future research onthe Civil War in popular culture in the last twenty-five years of the twentieth centurywould be qualitatively different from that of the previous seventy-five. As Hollywoodwithdrew, television began to realise the full potential of the Civil War. The film industryunderwent a further restructuring and filmmaking became just one part of the interests ofhuge entertainment conglomerates. Nevertheless, the methodological approach adopted inthis research can be retained. History films are a rich seam of social information as theyreflect, and sometimes challenge, attitudes present in society at the time of theirproduction. It points the way to understanding how America saw and continues to seeitself.154
1 James Baldwin, Stranger in the Village (1953).2 In such films as The Romance of Rosy Ridge (1947), Friendly Persuasion, Rio Conchos and Journey toShiloh (1968).3 In Friendly Persuasion (1956), Band of Angels (1957) and The Horse Soldiers (1959).4 In Invitation to a Gunfighter ( 1964), Rio Conchos (1964), The McMasters (1969) and Buck and thePreacher (1971).5 There are few significant roles for African American women.6Even a 'Southerner' as in Journey to Shiloh.Benjie in The McMasters aspires to owning his own ranch even under the direst circumstances of racialhatred, while the former slaves in Buck and the Preacher look for the promised land in the west like whitepioneers.8 This began with Tap Roots (1948) followed by Friendly Persuasion, Band of Angels (1957), Rio Conchos,Shenandoah (1965), The McMasters and Buck and the Preacher.9 As in Cain's Cut Throats (1969).10 This was based on Michael Shaara's book The Killer Angels (1974).11 Jayhawkers were anti-slavery guerrillas and Bushwhackers pro-slavery guerrillas in the Kansas/Nebraskadispute over admission to the Union of the 1850s. They continued the conflict, especially in Missouri, duringthe Civil War.12 There is also one African American who supports the Bushwhackers. Even Quantrill had an AfricanAmerican as a bodyguard. Robert Brent Toplin, Reel History: In Defense of Hollywood (Lawrence, Kansas:University Press of Kansas, 2002), 53-7.13 Douglas Gomery, Shared Pleasures: A History of Movie Presentation in the United States (Madison,Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1992), 251-3.14 Laurie Schulze, 'The Made-for-Television Movie: Industrial Practice, Cultural Form and PopularReception' in Tino Balio, (ed.), Hollywood in the Age of Television (Cambridge, Massachusetts: UnwinHyman, 1990), 354-9.15 For example: Little Women (1978 and 1994), The Sacketts (1979), Beulah Land (1980), North and South(1984-6), Louisiana (1987), The Perfect Tribute (1991), The Love Letter (1998).16 Ronald L. Davis, Celluloid Mirrors: Hollywood and American Society Since 1945 (Fort Worth,Philadelphia: Harcourt, Brace College, 1997), 206.17 John T. Kirby, Media-Made Dixie (Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, revised 1986, firstpublished 1978), 165-8.18 Such as the video, cable television and the CD-ROM.19 The film was just one part of the 'product' which was marketed for theatres, videos, television, CD-ROMsand any other spin-off that was commercially viable. Davis, Celluloid Mirrors, 211; Stephen Prince, A NewPot of Gold: Hollywood Under the Electronic Rainbow, 1980-1989 (Berkeley: University of California Press,2000), xi-xiv; Robert C. Alien, 'Writing the Last Chapter of the History of Hollywood,' lecture at Universityof London, 16 February 2000.20 Adam Fairclough, Better Day Coming: Blacks and Equality, 1890-2000 (New York: Penguin Books,2002), 332; Gary Gerstle, American Crucible: Race and Nation in the Twentieth Century (Princeton:Princeton University Press, 2001), 358.155
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Greenwich Academic Literature Archi
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REEL WARS: COLD WAR, CIVIL RIGHTSAN
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ABSTRACTThis study is an examinatio
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ABBREVIATIONSAMPASAHRBirthCommissio
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Historians using film as a resource
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dominated America's foreign policy
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Mary L. Dudziak explores this relat
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pure and simple' and were therefore
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historical texts. Hayden White comp
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Historians, history films and film
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How have sympathetic film historian
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Therefore historians can, with over
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identity and these were taken as th
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21 George F. Custen, 'Hollywood and
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63 Rosenstone, The Historical Film,
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of Honor dedicated to, and listing,
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War.....[it] defined us as to what
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The Civil War and popular cultureJu
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memory,53 the place where Union and
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Despite being a new medium Hollywoo
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From the late 1940s Hollywood was u
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1 William Faulkner, Requiem for a N
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36 Blight, Race and Reunion, 77, 81
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mainly composed of members of the w
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there was cowardice, it was either
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This was another Lost Cause myth -
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stuff with plenty of clothes, rich
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women into or within slavery. 47 Th
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departure when, in the discussion o
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1 William Dean Howells, Los Angeles
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37 Melvyn Stokes, The Civil War in
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All races and religions, that's Ame
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Hollywood almost abandoned Civil Wa
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charged with disloyalty and silence
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ecover from the HUAC investigations
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a living. The daughters grow up to
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Gettysburg. 'You know,' says Henry,
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combining two great myths, which co
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(1948), Tom Dunson's style of autoc
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Patriotism became a white attribute
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In the absence of African Americans
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(Horizons West) and businessmen (An
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year later, and there was no lead f
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20 Mary L. Dudziak, Cold War, Civil
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56 Richard White, 'Western History'
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7 have seen the promised land.' 'Th
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those between whites and African Am
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change, to forget what made him, he
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eported that the film had 'already
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campaigning for Lincoln. John's rea
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lack/white relationships, in Civil
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McCarthy discredited and a more rel
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dispute which once divided our nati
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pressure, continued to hold. The me
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Page 119 and 120: 1 Martin Luther King Jr.'s, speech,
Page 121 and 122: 44 Blight, Race and Reunion, 8-11,
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Page 125 and 126: Sexploitation - which reversed the
Page 127 and 128: would surely recognise the Mexicans
Page 129 and 130: There are similar examples in Major
Page 131 and 132: on working class whites nor receive
Page 133 and 134: The conflict between civil rights a
Page 135 and 136: e trusted from the wiles of the mis
Page 137 and 138: field-hands are too valuable an inv
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Page 141 and 142: McBurney, even though he is wounded
Page 143 and 144: Most reviewers were sympathetic, se
Page 145 and 146: conservatism,' as a natural ally fo
Page 147 and 148: By the early 1970s, Hollywood's opt
Page 149 and 150: 20 Enoch, in Friendly Persuasion (1
Page 151 and 152: 62 Johnson called what happened the
Page 153 and 154: The world is white no longer; and i
Page 155 and 156: proceed with civil rights legislati
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Page 159 and 160: mid-1990s was rejected as the compa
Page 161: those historians who were contestin
Page 165 and 166: 39 Robert Brent Toplin, Reel Histor
Page 167 and 168: 1210mmmto3sCT>The number of America
Page 169 and 170: There is a third problem - that of
Page 171 and 172: the Library of Congress and the Uni
Page 173 and 174: mainly contain copies of correspond
Page 175 and 176: killing. There were two other areas
Page 177 and 178: are 'no compensating moral values a
Page 179 and 180: epresented.' 32 However, this was t
Page 181 and 182: Reference has already been made to
Page 183 and 184: It is in the final period that anti
Page 185 and 186: 22 Letter from Shurlock to William
Page 187 and 188: Year Director Company190819091910Ba
Page 189 and 190: 191119121912Grant and LincolnHe Fou
Page 191 and 192: 19131913Call to Arms, TheCarpenter,
Page 193 and 194: 1915 Birth of a Nation, TheColonel
Page 195 and 196: 19341935193619371938193919401941194
Page 197 and 198: Searchers, TheShowdown at AbileneTh
Page 199 and 200: Alien, Robert C., and Douglas Gomer
Page 201 and 202: Cassidy, John M., Civil War Cinema:
Page 203 and 204: Foner, Eric, Who Owns History, (New
Page 205 and 206: Landy, Marcia, (ed.), The Historica
Page 207 and 208: Prince, Stephen, A New Pot of Gold:
Page 209 and 210: Sternsher, Bernard, Consensus, Conf
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