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22 In this 1950 film an U.S. army scout brings about peace between the whites and the Apache. He falls inlove and marries an Apache woman but she is killed by whites, who are trying to stir up unrest.23 Letter from Geoffrey Shurlock to William Feeder at RKO Radio Pictures, 12 April, 1956 (PCA file on Runof the Arrow, Margaret Herrick Library, Los Angeles).24 Jessamyn West, The Friendly Persuasion (Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books, 1981, first published1945), 13.25 John Hunt Morgan commanded the First Kentucky cavalry, which operated as an independent raiding unitunder the Confederate High Command. He concentrated on destroying Union communication systems but hismen acted more and more like thieves. In July 1863 he crossed into Indiana - not 1862 as the film indicates.Available from: ehistory.osu.edu (accessed 5 September, 2005).26 Variety, 26 September, 1956; Films in Review, January, 1957; Chicago American, 14 October, 1956; SanFrancisco Progress, 7/8 November 1956; Los Angeles Times, 31 October, 1956.27 Band of Angels was written by Robert Penn Warren and published in 1955.28 Letter to Jack Warner, Warner Bros., 15 January, 1957 (PCA file on Band of Angels, Margaret HerrickLibrary, Los Angeles).29 Hollywood Reporter, 10 July, 1957.30 In the book Bond is captured and hanged muttering 'All niggers...ass-deep in niggers' as Amantha andRau-Ru look on. Robert Penn Warren, Band of Angels (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press,1994), 323-4.31 Ross Lockridge Jr., Raintree County, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1948), 439.32 Schary had produced Crossfire (1947) and Intruder in the Dust (1949).33 Films in Review, January 1958.34 James Powers, The Hollywood Reporter, 4 October, 1957.35 Letter from Geoffrey Shurlock to Dore Schary, 9 July 1956 (PCA file on Raintree County, MargaretHerrick Library, Los Angeles). The exact scene is not identified but presumably relates to the 'blacking up'scene at the election celebration party.36This is explored by Nina Silber in Chapter III of her book, The Romance of Reunion: Northerners and theSouth 1865-1900 (Chapel Hill: University of Carolina Press, 1993).37 Letter from Geoffrey Shurlock to Dore Schary, 2 February 1956 (PCA file on Raintree County, MargaretHerrick Library, Los Angeles).38 Showmen's Trade Review, 5 October, 1957; Motion Picture Chronicle, 5 October, 1957.39 Motion Picture Daily, 4 October, 1957.40 Donald Bogle, Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies, and Bucks: An Interpretative History of Blacks inAmerican Films, New Third Edition (Oxford: Roundhouse, 1994, first published 1973).41 Hollywood Reporter, 13 March, 1957.42 There is one supporting role in The Horse Soldiers (1959) and brief background appearances in The LittleShepherd of Kingdom Come (1961).43 David W. Blight, Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory (Cambridge, Massachusetts:Belknap Press, Harvard University Press, 2001), 357.112
44 Blight, Race and Reunion, 8-11, 390; Fairclough, Better Dav Coming, 82-3; Nell Irwin Painter, Standing atArmageddon: The United States 1877-1919 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1987), 279.45 Fairclough, Better Day Coming), 63-4; Blight, Race and Reunion, 324-8.46 Lincoln was central to these celebrations and the centenary of his birth in 1909 was an early Civil Warcelebration.47 Blight, Race and Reunion, 368-75.48 House Joint Resolution No. 253, 1957, Public Law 85-305; 71 Stat. 628, Eva Maria Brownwall, DieAmerikanner und ihr Kreig: Analyse der Jahrhundertfeier des Civil War in den Vereinigten Staaten vonAmerika 1961-1965 (Stuttgart; J.B. Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1978), 141.49 Robert Cook, 'From Shiloh to Selma: The Impact of the Civil War Centennial on the Black FreedomStruggle in the United States, 1961-65', in Brian Ward and Tony Badger (eds.), The Making of Martin LutherKing and the Civil Rights Movement (London: MacMillan Press Limited, 1996), 134.*° Edward Tabor Linenthal, Sacred Ground: Americans and their Battlefields (Chicago: University of IllinoisPress, 1991), 98.51 Cook, 'From Shiloh to Selma,' 139-40.52 Robert Cook, The Historical Significance of the Civil War Centennial,' at a seminar at the University ofOxford, 11 March, 2003.53 Robert Cook, 'Unfinished Business: African Americans and the Civil War Centennial,' in Susan-MaryGrant and Peter J Parish., (eds.), Legacy of Disunion: The Enduring Significance of the American Civil War(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003), 51.54 C. Van Woodward, 'Equality: the Deferred Commitment,' The American Scholar, XXVII, (1958), 459-72,reprinted in The Burden of Southern History (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, revised 1968,first published 1960), 86." Douglas Gomery, Shared Pleasures: A History of Movie Presentation in the United States (Madison,Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1992), 165.56 Television westerns dominated the evening schedules by the autumn of 1959. James L. Baughman, TheWeakest Chain and the Strongest Link: The American Broadcasting Company and the Motion PictureIndustry, 1955-60,' in Tino Balio, (ed.), Hollywood in the Age of Television (Cambridge, Massachusetts:Unwin Hyman, Inc., 1990).57 Between 1953 and 1962 the number of westerns declined from 92 (27%) to 11 (9%) of the total of filmsproduced each year. B.F.I.: Companion to the Western (London: Andre Deutsch, 1988), p. 47; MichaelCoyne, The Crowded Prairie: American National Identity in the Hollywood Western (London: I. B. Tauris,1997), 71.58 Friendly Persuasion, Band of Angels, Raintree County, Run of the Arrow.59 Robert Penn Warren, The Legacy of the Civil War: Meditations on the Centennial (New York: VintageBooks, 1961), 3-4.60 J. T. Kirby, Media-Made Dixie (Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, revised 1986, firstpublished 1978), 96.61 The film is based on the 1956 book, The Horse Soldiers, by Harold Sinclair, which told the story of theGrierson raid in April 1863. There are no plantations, Southern belles or African Americans in the book. It isa tale of military guerrilla tactics and extreme hardship as the Union troops are pursued for 600 miles.113
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Greenwich Academic Literature Archi
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REEL WARS: COLD WAR, CIVIL RIGHTSAN
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ABSTRACTThis study is an examinatio
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ABBREVIATIONSAMPASAHRBirthCommissio
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Historians using film as a resource
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dominated America's foreign policy
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Mary L. Dudziak explores this relat
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pure and simple' and were therefore
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historical texts. Hayden White comp
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Historians, history films and film
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How have sympathetic film historian
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Therefore historians can, with over
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identity and these were taken as th
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21 George F. Custen, 'Hollywood and
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63 Rosenstone, The Historical Film,
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of Honor dedicated to, and listing,
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War.....[it] defined us as to what
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The Civil War and popular cultureJu
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memory,53 the place where Union and
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Despite being a new medium Hollywoo
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From the late 1940s Hollywood was u
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1 William Faulkner, Requiem for a N
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36 Blight, Race and Reunion, 77, 81
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mainly composed of members of the w
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there was cowardice, it was either
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This was another Lost Cause myth -
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stuff with plenty of clothes, rich
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women into or within slavery. 47 Th
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departure when, in the discussion o
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1 William Dean Howells, Los Angeles
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37 Melvyn Stokes, The Civil War in
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All races and religions, that's Ame
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Hollywood almost abandoned Civil Wa
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Page 83 and 84: In the absence of African Americans
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Page 87 and 88: year later, and there was no lead f
Page 89 and 90: 20 Mary L. Dudziak, Cold War, Civil
Page 91 and 92: 56 Richard White, 'Western History'
Page 93 and 94: 7 have seen the promised land.' 'Th
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Page 97 and 98: change, to forget what made him, he
Page 99 and 100: eported that the film had 'already
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Page 135 and 136: e trusted from the wiles of the mis
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the Library of Congress and the Uni
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mainly contain copies of correspond
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killing. There were two other areas
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are 'no compensating moral values a
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epresented.' 32 However, this was t
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Reference has already been made to
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It is in the final period that anti
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22 Letter from Shurlock to William
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Year Director Company190819091910Ba
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191119121912Grant and LincolnHe Fou
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19131913Call to Arms, TheCarpenter,
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1915 Birth of a Nation, TheColonel
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19341935193619371938193919401941194
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Searchers, TheShowdown at AbileneTh
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Alien, Robert C., and Douglas Gomer
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Cassidy, John M., Civil War Cinema:
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Foner, Eric, Who Owns History, (New
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Landy, Marcia, (ed.), The Historica
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Prince, Stephen, A New Pot of Gold:
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Sternsher, Bernard, Consensus, Conf
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