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62 Neil Longley York, Fiction as Fact: The Horse Soldiers and Popular Memory (Kent, Ohio: Kent StateUniversity Press, 2001), 127.63 New York Times, 26 June, 1959; Variety, 10 and 12 June, 1959.64 Variety, 10 June, 1959.65 In the three years before Greensboro there had been sixteen sit-ins. William T. Martin Riches, The CivilRights Movement: Struggle and Resistance (New York: MacMillan, 1997), 57.66 These were planned by the Congress of Racial Equality to test out the implementation of the 1960 SupremeCourt's judgement in Boynton v. Virginia that racial segregation was illegal on inter-state buses and trainsand in terminals.67 Cook, From Shiloh to Selma, 136-7.68 Thomas J. Pressly, Americans Interpret Their Civil War (New York: Collier Books, 1962, first published1954), 8; Cook, From Shiloh to Selma, 137-142.69 York, Fiction as Fact, 128.70 Manning Marable, Race, Reform and Rebellion: The Second Reconstruction in Black America 1945-90(New York; MacMillan, 1991), 66.71 The Kennedy strategists calculated that fewer than 180 of the 435 members of the House ofRepresentatives would regularly support liberal measures. In the 1961 session only seven out of 23 domesticbills were passed - and none of these were radical measures. Maurice Isserman and Michael Kazin, AmericaDivided: The Civil War in the 1960s (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 65.72 William H. Chafe, The Unfinished Journe\: America Since World War II (New York: Oxford UniversityPress, 1999), 307.73 While Wilson's appearance at Gettysburg has become a significant moment it was a last minute decision.He only stayed long enough to deliver his speech. Blight, Race and Reunion, 10-12.74 Cook, From Shiloh to Selma, 142.75 Fairclough, Better Day Coming, 280; Marable, Race, Reform and Rebellion, 73.76 Isserman and Kazin, America Divided, 84.77 Mary L. Dudziak, Cold War, Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy, (Princeton:Princeton University Press, 2000), 187.78 Quotation from Lincoln's Springfield Speech, 17 June, 1858.79 Shurlock to Ford 20 June, 1955. (PCA file on The Searchers, Margaret Herrick Library, Los Angeles). Inthe book Ethan scalps the Comanche - then throws it away for the wolves to find. Le May, The Searchers,28.80 The film is based on the 1903 best-selling novel of the same name by John Fox Jr. and had been filmedtwice before - in 1920 and 1928.81 The 'prophet,' in the film, is introduced as Chad's conscience. In the book Chad's moral dilemma aboutwhich side to support is discussed in detail.82 The original short story, Company of Cowards, was set in Europe in 1944. It was written by WilliamChamberlain and published in The Saturday Evening Post, 10 March, 1956. Jack Schaefer took the idea andwrote a short novel, also called Company of Cowards, published in 1957. Schaefer transferred the location tothe Civil War. Both of these were serious works addressing the problems that individual soldiers faced in war114