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85 Cook, Lost Illusions, 2-14, 71-2.86 Sklar, Movie-made America, 322.87 Coyne, The Crowded Prairie, 138; Cook, Lost Illusions, 1 82.88 With films like The Good, the Bad and the Ugly ( 1 967), Kill Them All and Come Back Alone ( 1 968),Macho Callahan (1970) and Massacre at Fort Holman (1972).89 Cook, Lost Illusions, 156.90 Tara: The Continuation of Gone with the Wind by Anne Edwards was not published as it had beencommissioned on the basis that it would be made into a film. Jim Cullen, The Civil War in Popular Culture:A Reusable Past (Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995), 103-4.91 Campbell, The Celluloid South, 183-8.92 In 1967 Hollywood received $270 million from television rentals. Television was now a regular secondarymarket for films. Balio (ed.), Hollywood in the Age of Television, 38.93 Lincoln - Trial by Fire (1973) and Sandburgh's Lincoln (1974).144
The world is white no longer; and it will never be white again 'This study argues that after 1945 the complex inter-action between the Cold War and theCivil Rights Movement changed Hollywood's interpretation of the Civil War. In doing sonot only were the early myths overturned and, by the late 1960s, African Americans hadcome centre-stage, but through these films Hollywood addressed the major issues of thetime - in particular race relations, civil rights and national identity. These changes ininterpretation indicated that present-day attitudes and events were more significant toHollywood than the historical issues of the Civil War- why it started, slavery andReconstruction - especially as Hollywood consistently refused to discuss the first two andpresented Reconstruction mainly from a southern perspective. Hollywood's history filmstherefore can be used as documenting American attitudes at the time of production.Hollywood's interest in the Civil War spanned an almost continuous period from 1908 to1975, with films clustered in four cycles. These cycles corresponded to, and wereinfluenced by, significant events: the semi-centennial, the Depression, the Cold War andthe Civil Rights Movement. The first two cycles ended with America's involvement inWorld Wars. After 1945 the situation was more complex as the Cold War and the CivilRights Movement took over America's domestic agenda. From 1975, in the aftermath ofVietnam and with an increasingly conservative agenda at home, Hollywood made very fewCivil War films.Hollywood, in the earliest films, established its own mythical representation of the CivilWar, which was based upon the South's Lost Cause romanticism and reflected the views ofearly twentieth century America about, race and national identity. Sixty years later thesemyths had unravelled. The plantation had become a symbol of questionable morality thatthreatened the unity of the nation. Southerners were depicted as violent power-seekers,untrustworthy and bitter racists. The fears of miscegenation and mixed race relationships145
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Greenwich Academic Literature Archi
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REEL WARS: COLD WAR, CIVIL RIGHTSAN
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ABSTRACTThis study is an examinatio
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ABBREVIATIONSAMPASAHRBirthCommissio
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Historians using film as a resource
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dominated America's foreign policy
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Mary L. Dudziak explores this relat
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pure and simple' and were therefore
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historical texts. Hayden White comp
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Historians, history films and film
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How have sympathetic film historian
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Therefore historians can, with over
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identity and these were taken as th
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21 George F. Custen, 'Hollywood and
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63 Rosenstone, The Historical Film,
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of Honor dedicated to, and listing,
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War.....[it] defined us as to what
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The Civil War and popular cultureJu
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memory,53 the place where Union and
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Despite being a new medium Hollywoo
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From the late 1940s Hollywood was u
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1 William Faulkner, Requiem for a N
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36 Blight, Race and Reunion, 77, 81
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mainly composed of members of the w
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there was cowardice, it was either
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This was another Lost Cause myth -
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stuff with plenty of clothes, rich
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women into or within slavery. 47 Th
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departure when, in the discussion o
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1 William Dean Howells, Los Angeles
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37 Melvyn Stokes, The Civil War in
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All races and religions, that's Ame
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Hollywood almost abandoned Civil Wa
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charged with disloyalty and silence
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ecover from the HUAC investigations
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a living. The daughters grow up to
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Gettysburg. 'You know,' says Henry,
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combining two great myths, which co
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(1948), Tom Dunson's style of autoc
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Patriotism became a white attribute
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In the absence of African Americans
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(Horizons West) and businessmen (An
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year later, and there was no lead f
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20 Mary L. Dudziak, Cold War, Civil
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56 Richard White, 'Western History'
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7 have seen the promised land.' 'Th
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those between whites and African Am
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change, to forget what made him, he
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eported that the film had 'already
Page 101 and 102: campaigning for Lincoln. John's rea
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Page 105 and 106: McCarthy discredited and a more rel
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Page 109 and 110: pressure, continued to hold. The me
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Page 115 and 116: creativity. The Confederates use a
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Page 119 and 120: 1 Martin Luther King Jr.'s, speech,
Page 121 and 122: 44 Blight, Race and Reunion, 8-11,
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Page 125 and 126: Sexploitation - which reversed the
Page 127 and 128: would surely recognise the Mexicans
Page 129 and 130: There are similar examples in Major
Page 131 and 132: on working class whites nor receive
Page 133 and 134: The conflict between civil rights a
Page 135 and 136: e trusted from the wiles of the mis
Page 137 and 138: field-hands are too valuable an inv
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Page 141 and 142: McBurney, even though he is wounded
Page 143 and 144: Most reviewers were sympathetic, se
Page 145 and 146: conservatism,' as a natural ally fo
Page 147 and 148: By the early 1970s, Hollywood's opt
Page 149 and 150: 20 Enoch, in Friendly Persuasion (1
Page 151: 62 Johnson called what happened the
Page 155 and 156: proceed with civil rights legislati
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Page 161 and 162: those historians who were contestin
Page 163 and 164: 1 James Baldwin, Stranger in the Vi
Page 165 and 166: 39 Robert Brent Toplin, Reel Histor
Page 167 and 168: 1210mmmto3sCT>The number of America
Page 169 and 170: There is a third problem - that of
Page 171 and 172: the Library of Congress and the Uni
Page 173 and 174: mainly contain copies of correspond
Page 175 and 176: killing. There were two other areas
Page 177 and 178: are 'no compensating moral values a
Page 179 and 180: epresented.' 32 However, this was t
Page 181 and 182: Reference has already been made to
Page 183 and 184: It is in the final period that anti
Page 185 and 186: 22 Letter from Shurlock to William
Page 187 and 188: Year Director Company190819091910Ba
Page 189 and 190: 191119121912Grant and LincolnHe Fou
Page 191 and 192: 19131913Call to Arms, TheCarpenter,
Page 193 and 194: 1915 Birth of a Nation, TheColonel
Page 195 and 196: 19341935193619371938193919401941194
Page 197 and 198: Searchers, TheShowdown at AbileneTh
Page 199 and 200: Alien, Robert C., and Douglas Gomer
Page 201 and 202: Cassidy, John M., Civil War Cinema:
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Foner, Eric, Who Owns History, (New
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Landy, Marcia, (ed.), The Historica
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Prince, Stephen, A New Pot of Gold:
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Sternsher, Bernard, Consensus, Conf
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