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Table 5. Structure of DemandLow-income;countriesDistribution of gross domestic product (percent)Exports ofGross Gross goods andPublic Private domestic domestic nonfactor Resourceconsumption consumption investment saving services balance1960a 1978b 1960a 1978b 1960a 1978b 1960a 1978b 1960a 1978b 1960a 1978b9 w i2 w 80wt7 3 w 14wU2 1w iw 1 Iw 5 lOw12 w -3w -6 w1 Kampuchea, Dem. 19 69 . 20 12 14 . -82 Bangladesh 6 c 86 100 7 12 8 ()10 8 1 -123 Lao PDR 21 68 .. 40 .. 21 .. 2 .. -194 Bhutan5Ethiopia 8 13 81 81 12 9 11 6 9 12 -1 -3-6M alIi 12 19 79 76 14 17 9 5 12 21 -5 -127Nepal c . 98 . 9 .. 2 .. 5 .. -78Somalia 8 19 89 79 10 16 3 2 11 12 -7 -149Burundi 3 14 92 81 6 14 5 5 13 11 -1 -9lO Chad 13 18 82 89 11 17 5 -7 23 27 -6 -2411 Mozamnbique 11 15 81 86 10 10 8 -1 14 13 -2 -1112 BurmaL C C 89 87 12 20 11 13 20 7 -1 -713 Upper Volta 10 13 94 90 10 25 -4 -3 9 15 -14 -2814 Viet Naml5lIndia 7 10 79 70 17 24 14 20 5 ..- 3 -416 Malawi 16 13 88 71 10 32 -4 16 21 21 -14 -1617 Rwanda 10 9 82 87 6 10 8 4 12 20 2 -618 SriLanka 13 10 76 73 15 22 11 17 46 38 -4 -519 Guinea 14 16 80 68 5 15 6 16 23 28 1 120 Sierra Leone . . 19 . . 72 .. 17 .. 9 . . 22 .. -821lZaire 18 21 61 67 12 19 21 12 55 26 9 -722 Niger 9 11 79 77 13 19 12 12 9 23 -1 -723 Benin 16 14 75 91 15 22 9 -5 12 22 -6 -2724 Pakistan 11 11 84 82 12 18 5 7 8 10 -7 -1125 Tanzania 9 14 72 79 14 20 19 7 31 15 5 -1326 Afghanistan c C 87 90 16 13 13 10 4 10 -3 -327 Central African Rep. 19 20 72 72 20 20 9 8 23 18 -11 -1228 Madagascar 20 16 75 63 11 16 5 21 12 . . -5 529 Haiti c 8 93 83 9 18 7 9 20 22 -2 -930 Mauritania 24 38 79 55 37 52 -3 7 18 41 -40 -4531 Lesotho 17 1732 Uganda 9 C1087515498211304-25 -7116 21226224-275-101-233 Angola 9 26 77 56 12 9 14 18 20 41 2 934 Sudan 6 14 85 84 9 16 9 2 12 15 (.) -1435 Togo 8 13 88 73 11 37 4 14 19 34 -7 -2336 Kenya 11 19 72 63 20 28 17 18 31 27 -3 -1037 Senegal 17 17 68 72 16 23 15 11 40 32 -1 -1238 Indonesia 12 11 80 67 8 20 8 22 13 21 () 2Middle-income coUntries 11 W 13 w669 wi;6 15 j 21 w2 5 w 20 w'22 w l5 w 21 w -1w w 339 Egypt 17 21 71 65 13 28 12 14 2 21-1 -1440 Ghana 10 13 73 81 24 5 17 6 28 10 -7 141 Yemen, PDR .. 29 .. 80 .. 47 .. -9 -. -5642 Cameroon 14 10 72 69 11 24 14 21 29 26 3 -343 Liberia 7 15 58 67 28 22 35 18 39 65 7 -444 Honduras 11 13 77 67 14 27 12 20 22 38 -2 -745 Zambia 11 25 48 44 25 31 41 31 56 32 16 (.)46 Zimbabwe47 Thailand11101311677663672316192722 2414 22 17 21-1-25-548 Bolivia 7 13 86 74 14 21 7 13 13 17 -7 -849 Philippines 8 10 76 65 16 30 16 24 11 19 () -650 Yemen Arab Rep. .. 12 .. 96 .. 35 .. -8 .. 3 .. -4351 Congo, People's Rep, 23 31 98 61 45 20 -21 8 21 ..- 66 -1252 Nigeria 6 15 87 57 13 30 7 28 15 31 -6 -253 Papua New Guinea 28 28 70 56 13 19 2 16 17 45 -11 -354 El Salvador 10 13 79 75 16 20 11 12 20 30 -5 -855 Morocco 12 21 77 68 10 24 11 11 24 18 1 -1356 Peru 8 13 68 70 22 15 24 17 24 22 2 257 Ivory Coast 10 14 73 56 15 31 17 30 37 38 2 -158 Nicaragua 9 8 79 73 15 25 12 19 24 33 -3 -659 Colombia 6 7 73 68 21 24 21 25 16 16 () 160 Paraguay 8 7 76 73 17 27 16 20 18 13 -1 -761 Ecuador 10 14 74 60 14 26 16 26 17 24 2 (.62 Domninican Rep. 13 5 68 77 12 23 19 18 24 21 7 -63 Guaternala 8 7 84 76 10 22 8 17 13 22 -2 -5Rep. 64 Syrian Arab .. 21 . . 65 . . 32 .. 14 . . 18 . . -1865 Tunisia 17 16 76 64 17 30 7 20 20 31 -10 -1066 Jordan .. 32 .. 87 . 40 -19 .. 47 .. -591118
Distribution of gross domestic product (percent)Exports ofGross Gross goods andPublic Private domestic domestic nonfactor Resourceconsumption consumption investment saving services balance1960a 1978b 1960a 1978b 1960a 1978b 1960a 1978b 1960a 1978b 1960a 1978b67 Malaysia 11 16 62 53 14 25 27 31 54 51 13 668 Jamaica 7 20 67 64 30 15 26 16 34 40 -4 169 Lebanon 10 .. 85 .. 16 .. 5 .. 27 .. -1170 Korea, Rep. of 15 12 84 60 11 32 1 28 3 34 -10 -471 Turkey 11 13 76 70 16 21 13 17 3 6 -3 -472 Algeria 16 15 50 48 42 51 34 37 28 27 -8 -1473 Mexico 6 11 76 64 20 25 18 25 10 11 -2 (.)74 Panarna 11 18 78 60 16 28 11 22 31 40 -5 -675 Taiwan 19 17 68 50 20 26 13 33 11 59 -7 776 Chile 11 12 75 81 17 11 14 7 14 21 -3 -477 South Africa 9 14 64 56 22 24 27 30 30 33 5 678 Costa Rica 10 C 77 85 18 25 13 15 21 29 -5 -1079 Brazil 12 10 67 69 22 23 21 21 5 7 -1 -280 Uruguay 9 3 79 73 18 14 12 14 14 20 -6 (.)81 Argenlina 9 29 71 41 22 25 20 30 10 14 -2 582 Portugal 11 14 77 74 19 23 12 12 17 20 -7 -1183 Yugoslavia 19 17 49 55 37 33 32 28 14 17 -5 -584 Trinidad and Tobago 9 14 61 53 28 26 30 33 37 47 2 785 Venezuela 14 15 53 51 21 40 33 34 32 29 12 -686 Hong Kong 7 7 92 78 19 26 1 15 79 98 -18 -1187 GreecE- 12 16 77 64 19 27 11 20 9 17 -8 -788 Singapore 8 11 89 62 11 36 3 27 163 164 -8 -989 Spain 7 11 70 68 21 20 23 21 10 16 2 190 Israel 18 36 68 58 27 24 14 6 14 44 -13 -18lndustrialized countries15 w 18 w63 w 60 wv2 1 w2 2 w2 2 w 22 w 12 w 18w w (.) w91 Irelanci 12 19 77 64 16 27 11 17 31 54 -5 -1092 Italy 12 16 64 63 24 20 24 21 15 25 (.) 193 New Zealand 13 16 65 61 24 22 22 23 23 27 -2 194 United Kingdom 17 20 66 59 19 19 17 21 21 30 -2 295 Finland 13 19 58 56 30 21 29 25 23 31 -1 496 Austria 13 18 59 55 28 28 28 27 24 35 (.) -197 Japan 9 10 57 58 34 31 34 32 11 11 (.) 198 Australia 10 16 65 60 29 23 25 24 15 16 1499 France 13 15 61 61 24 23 26 24 15 21 2 1100 Netherlands 14 18 57 59 27 22 29 23 50 47 2 1101 Belgium 13 18 69 62 19 21 18 20 33 51 -1 -1102 Canada 14 20 65 57 23 23 21 23 18 26 -2 (.)103 Norway 14 18 58 54 30 29 28 28 41 42 -2 -1104 Germany, Fed. Rep. 14 20 57 55 27 22 29 25 19 25 2 3105 United States 17 18 64 64 18 19 19 18 5 8 1 -1106 Denmark 12 24 66 55 23 23 22 21 34 28 -1 -2107 Sweden 16 29 60 53 25 18 24 18 23 29 -1 (.)108 Switzerland 9 13 62 63 29 22 29 24 29 35 (.) 2Capital-surplusoil exporters 21 w .. 32 w ..3 w ..47 w .. 48 w .. 16 w109 Iraq 18 .. 48 .. 20 .. 34 .. 42 .. 14110 Iran 10 20 69 41 17 33 21 39 19 34 4 6111 Libya .. 27 .. 28 .. 25 .. 45 .. 56 . 20112 Saudi Arabia .. 21 .. 23 .. 30 .. 56 .. 62 ..T13 Kuwai .. 21 .. 24 . 18 .. 55 .. 71 ..2637Centrally plannedeconomies ..114 China115 Korea, Dem. Rep.116 Albania117 Cuba118 Mongolia . .119 Romania .120 Bulgaria ..121 Hungary 7 8 72 64 24 37 21 28 -3 -9122 Polanci 8 12 68 59 24 32 24 29 (.) -3123 USSR 2 C 70 73 26 26 28 27 2 1124 Czechoslovakia 6 7 75 68 17 25 19 25 2 (.)125 German Dem. Rep ..a. Figures ir, talics are for '961, not 1960. c. Separate f gures are rot ava lab e for pub ic consumptionb. Figures iri ta ics are for 1977, not 1978. which is therefore included n pr vate consumrtion.119
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t' 8 ~~~~ottoWorld Development Repo
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Oc 1980 by the International Bankfo
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ivThis report was prepared by a tea
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Text tables2.1 Summary of prospects
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DefinitionsCountry groups in the an
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illion people have barely enough fa
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in official aid and other capital a
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production and consumption; in- Tab
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measures can raise efficiency fairl
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adjustment; but the increases pro-
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dustrialized countries' GNP would T
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windfalls, some of their extra cont
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e done to increase the supplies Lat
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exchange-rate depreciation, by perc
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Table 3.2 World merchandise trade,
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* Inward-looking policies may exper
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inward-looking policies, with high
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cause individual banks or bank- Tab
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to GNP, of all large industrial na-
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in Chapter 2). Ways of increasing a
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4 Poverty, growth and human develop
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expectancy was less than 50 years,
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population density (see page 39). e
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ably could not have been achieved c
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ution of income typically is less T
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Table 4.2 Irrigation and income, se
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ment strategies that assume that in
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average 40 percent drop out before
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this may be offset by shifts in the
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UNESCO concluded that the poorUnemp
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A typical finding showed the mean o
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Table5.6 Differences in life tend t
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are more expensive and less critica
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per hos pital and clinic, and to st
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peaks in farm work and widespreadin
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confined to particular places. In A
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Indonesia, Colombia and Chilehave r
Page 77 and 78: (which respond only gradually to cu
Page 79 and 80: Contraceptive technologyresearch in
Page 81 and 82: 6 Implementing human development pr
Page 83 and 84: probably China-have managed Table 6
Page 85 and 86: percent of the development bud- dev
Page 87 and 88: members, too, as no bureaucraticRur
Page 89 and 90: Private costs of using public servi
Page 91 and 92: ut not teachers or health workers,
Page 93 and 94: 7 Priorities and progress in region
Page 95 and 96: literacy and life expectancy); andF
Page 97 and 98: to establish the necessary admin-Fi
Page 99 and 100: Poverty Figure 7.5 South Asia: life
Page 101 and 102: and North Africa cover the spec- gr
Page 103 and 104: The high level of urbanization well
Page 105 and 106: Chaipter 8 Summary and conclusionsI
Page 107 and 108: is high, frequently well above that
Page 109 and 110: Stat.istical appendix to Part ITabl
Page 111 and 112: Table SA.6 Capital flows and debt o
Page 113 and 114: Montgomery survey administra- publi
Page 115 and 116: AnnexWorldDevelopmentIndicators
Page 117 and 118: Table 13. Balance of Payments and D
Page 119 and 120: IntroductionThe World Development I
Page 121 and 122: GNP per capitaAverage indexAverageo
Page 123 and 124: Average annual growth rate (percent
Page 125 and 126: Distribution of gross domestic prod
Page 127: Average annual growth rate (percent
Page 131 and 132: Distribution of value added (percen
Page 133 and 134: EnergyEnergyconsumptionAverage annu
Page 135 and 136: Merchandise tradeAverage annual gro
Page 137 and 138: Percentage share of merchandise exp
Page 139 and 140: Percentage share of merchandise imp
Page 141 and 142: Destination of merchandise exports
Page 143 and 144: Destination of manufactured exports
Page 145 and 146: Current accountbalance before Inter
Page 147 and 148: Public and publicly guaranteed medi
Page 149 and 150: External public debtoutstanding and
Page 151 and 152: Amount1981a 1982a 1983a 1984a 1985a
Page 153 and 154: Average annualHypotheticalgrowth of
Page 155 and 156: PercentageCrude Crude Percentage Pe
Page 157 and 158: Percentage ofpopulation ofworking a
Page 159 and 160: Percentage of urban population Numb
Page 161 and 162: Life Infant Childexpectancy mortali
Page 163 and 164: PercentageDaily calorie supplyPopul
Page 165 and 166: Number Numberenrolled in enrolled i
Page 167 and 168: Percentage share of household incom
Page 169 and 170: Average index Tables 4 and 5. Growt
Page 171 and 172: 28 (minerals, crude fertilizers and
Page 173 and 174: continues to grow after replacement
Page 175 and 176: posttax income and conceptually tic
Page 180:
-~~~ S-~~~~~ sEuropean Office:66, a
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