Synthesis of Existing Knowledge and Experience on the Provision of ...

TABLE OF CONTENTSLIST OF ACRONYMS................................................................................................................................8EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..........................................................................................................................10Section 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................171.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................171.2 Rationale <strong>and</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> the report..................................................................................171.3 Scope <strong>and</strong> structure <strong>of</strong> the report......................................................................................181.4 Methodology ............................................................................................................................21Section 2. Overview <strong>of</strong> pastoralism <strong>and</strong> development in pastoral regions up to 1991.............232.1 The mobile pastoral production system <strong>and</strong> customary natural ....................................resource management ...........................................................................................................232.2 Challenges facing the rangel<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> pastoral livelihoods ............................................252.3 Social organization <strong>and</strong> customary l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> water management strategies .............262.4 History <strong>of</strong> ‘external’ water development from the 1970s up to 1991 ......................292.5 Changes in thinking.................................................................................................................32Section 3. Water development today ...................................................................................................353.1 Stakeholders <strong>and</strong> selected interventions...........................................................................353.1.1 Pastoralists .......................................................................................................... 363.1.2 Government ....................................................................................................... 373.1.2.1. National level actors, policies <strong>and</strong> strategies ..............................................373.1.2.2. Regional level actors <strong>and</strong> policies ..................................................................463.1.2.3. Major Government Programs <strong>and</strong> Projects ................................................473.1.3 NGOs/Development organizations .............................................................. 603.1.3.1. Highlighted projects, actors, <strong>and</strong> activities ..................................................62Section 4. Lessons learned <strong>and</strong> ways forward.....................................................................................694.1 Lessons learned .......................................................................................................................694.2 Key observations in the water development sector ......................................................724.2.1 Impacts <strong>of</strong> water development....................................................................... 724.2.2 Approaches to water development <strong>and</strong> community engagement......... 754