Synthesis of Existing Knowledge and Experience on the Provision of ...

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• Underst<strong>and</strong> existing traditional watermanagement systems <strong>and</strong> strengthencustomary institutions as well as build ontheir know-how for water schememanagement.• Strengthen the management, operation<strong>and</strong> maintenance capacity <strong>of</strong> water users<strong>and</strong> select technologies for whichconstruction materials <strong>and</strong> spare parts arelocally available.• Promote user buy-in <strong>and</strong> commitment byrequiring a labour/cash contribution toconstruct water points51• In rangel<strong>and</strong>s, select technologies which donot encourage settlement 52 <strong>and</strong> adequatelyspace points to alleviate pressure on anysingle water point.At the same time it is clear that this thinking is translated into action on only a small scale(highlighted in some <strong>of</strong> the examples given in Section 3). Much that occurs in the water developmentsector (in pastoral areas as well as elsewhere) continues to follow business as usual based on atechnocratic model, with little community participation <strong>and</strong> little emphasis on issues beyond puttingin place physical infrastructure. Ethiopia is still littered with non-functional <strong>and</strong> disused water points,<strong>and</strong> conflict, settlement <strong>and</strong> environmental degradation are still evident around them. In SNNPR, forexample, management <strong>of</strong> water schemes remains a challenge, <strong>and</strong> as rapidly as the number <strong>of</strong> waterpoints is increasing, the number <strong>of</strong> non-functional points is increasing with it (SNNPR Water Bureau,personal communication, 2009). This trend is not only limited to SNNPR but is observed across theregions. For example 60% <strong>of</strong> Somali region’s birkado are damaged <strong>and</strong> unused (Schimann <strong>and</strong>Philpott, 2007). In Oromia, a recent survey conducted by the International Rescue Committee (IRC)has shown that <strong>of</strong> the 14 boreholes present in Daro Lebu woreda in 2005, 12 were functional <strong>and</strong> 2non-functional. Of the additional 15 boreholes constructed in the same woreda since 2005, 7 arenon-functional <strong>and</strong> 8 are functional (Figure 6).70
Figure 6: Functionality <strong>of</strong> boreholes in Daro Lebu woreda, Oromia region as per in-house surveyconducted by the IRC in 2009The following section discusses some <strong>of</strong> these issues in order to present a clearer picture <strong>of</strong> howthings st<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> where things may be going in the near future.71
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Synthesis
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TABLE OF CONTENTSLIST OF ACRONYMS..
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSI would like to exte
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LIST OF ACRONYMSACDI/VOCAACFAFDCDDC
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYWater development
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understanding <str
Page 14 and 15:
Agreed upon guidelines for water de
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• Make better use of</str
Page 18 and 19:
to inform their own work an
Page 20 and 21: Within pastoral areas, it is recogn
Page 23 and 24: Section 2. Overview of</str
Page 25 and 26: Dohrn, 2006). Spatially variable ra
Page 27 and 28: The following broad overview touche
Page 29 and 30: In areas of adequa
Page 31 and 32: observed response was for individua
Page 33 and 34: Specific to water development, seve
Page 35 and 36: Section 3. Water development todayT
Page 37 and 38: Eliciting payments for water from l
Page 39 and 40: ureaus 25 . The ministry’s interv
Page 41 and 42: National policy paints a conflictin
Page 43 and 44: will be given to pastoralists to en
Page 45 and 46: Water supplyGovernance and<
Page 47 and 48: vulnerable to conversion for other
Page 49 and 50: • Agro-pastoralists’ priorities
Page 51 and 52: Although the WSDP principles are se
Page 53 and 54: The Universal Access ProgramThe Uni
Page 55 and 56: • Help ensure that public works d
Page 57 and 58: However, the development model for
Page 59 and 60: Figure 4: Proposed pilot la
Page 61 and 62: Many international and</str
Page 63 and 64: Furthermore, attention is given to
Page 65 and 66: CARE International, under the GWI,
Page 67: and traditional me
Page 72 and 73: 4.2 Key observations in the water d
Page 74 and 75: epresent a firm attempt to preserve
Page 76 and 77: learning from NGO experiences in Bo
Page 78 and 79: However, there are currently no spe
Page 80 and 81: 4.3 Conclusion, ways forward <stron
Page 82 and 83: In sum, pastoralism as a livelihood
Page 84 and 85: • Water interventions selected sh
Page 86 and 87: • Promote effective participation
Page 88 and 89: Gebre-Mariam, A. (1982). Organizati
Page 90: Schimann P. and Ph
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