WASTE MANAGEMENT IN LEATHER INDUSTRY

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103.1.2.4 Draining, Samming, and Setting…....……………………………...93.1.2.5 Splitting...….……………………………………………………...103.1.2.6 Shaving…...….……………………………………………………103.1.3 Wet Finishing (Post- Tanning)…..………...…………………………..103.1.3.1 Neutralization …………………………………………………….103.1.3.2 Bleaching………...…….…………………………………………113.1.3.3 Retanning………….…………………………………………...….113.1.3.4 Dyeing……….…………………………………………………....113.1.3.5 Fatliquoring……………………………………………………….113.1.3.6 Drying………....…………………………………………………..123.1.4 Finishing…..….…………………………………………………………12CHAPTER FOUR- CHEMICAL USED IN TANNING PROCESSES………..144.1 Processing Chemicals….….………………………………………………...144.1.1 Pre- Tanning Chemicals…..……………………………………………144.1.2 Tanning Chemicals..…………………………………………………...144.1.3 (Wet) Finishing Chemicals…..………………………………………...154.1.4 Finishing Chemicals……………………..……………………………..15CHAPTER FIVE- WASTE CHARACTERISTICS…………………………….185.1 Pollutant is Tannery Effluent….……….……………………………………185.1.1 Solids…..………….……………………………………………………205.1.1.1 Suspended Solids……...….………………………………………20ix
115.1.1.1.1 Settleable Solids……….…………………………………….205.1.1.1.2 Semi- Colloidal Solids.……………………………………...215.1.2.1 Settleable Solids…...….…………………………………………..215.1.3.1 Gross Solids……....………………………………………………225.1.2 Oxygen Demand……….…..…………………………………………..225.1.2.1 Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5)…..…………………………235.1.2.2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)……………………………….245.1.3 Nitrogen Compounds…………………………...……………………...245.1.3.1 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)………....………………………..245.1.3.2 Ammonium Content As Nitrogen (N)…....………………………255.1.4 Sulfides…..……………………………………………………………..265.1.5 Neutral Salts……...…………………………………………………….265.1.5.1 Sulphate…....……………………………………………………...265.1.5.2 Chlorides....……………………………………………………….275.1.6 Oils and Grease.……..…………………………………………………285.1.7 pH Value…..…….……………………………………………………..285.1.8 Chrome (Trivalent Chrome, Chrome III)…...………………………….295.1.9 Other Metals.…..……………………………………………………….305.1.10 Solvents..….…………………………………………………………..305.1.11 Air Emission…..….…………………………………………………..315.2 Pollution Prevention and Control.….………………………………………..31CHAPTER SIX- WASTE TREATMENT OF EFFLUENT……………………34x
Page 1 and 2: 1DOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITYGRADUATE SCH
Page 4 and 5: 4ACKNOWLEDGMENTSI thank my advisor
Page 6 and 7: 6Keywords: Leather, treatment, tann
Page 8 and 9: 8toplanarak, bertaraf edilmektedir.
Page 12 and 13: 126.1 Mechanical Treatment….…
Page 14 and 15: 14CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTIONToday leat
Page 16 and 17: 163CHAPTER TWOLEATHER PRODUCTION2.1
Page 18 and 19: 18 5In year 2005, a total of 65 mil
Page 20 and 21: 20 73.1.1.2 Fleshing and Trimming(E
Page 22 and 23: 22 9specifically treated, however,
Page 24 and 25: 11 24weak alkalis (e. g. Sodium or
Page 26 and 27: 13 26Figure 3.1 An overview on the
Page 28 and 29: 15 284.1.3 (Wet) Finishing Chemical
Page 30 and 31: 30Table 4.1 Major, Moderate and Pot
Page 32 and 33: 32 19Where effluent is discharged d
Page 34 and 35: 34 21If the wastewater is to be dis
Page 36 and 37: 36 23In order to assess an effluent
Page 38 and 39: 25 382. The nitrogen released throu
Page 40 and 41: 27 40This bacteria conversion to hy
Page 42 and 43: 29 42Municipal and common treatment
Page 44 and 45: 31 445.1.11 Air Emissions(The Leath
Page 46 and 47: 33 46• Recover energy from the dr
Page 48 and 49: 35 48Coagulation and flocculation a
Page 50 and 51: 37 506.2.3 Facultative PondsPonds i
Page 52 and 53: 39 52whilst the sludge-water mixtur
Page 54 and 55: 4154Denitrification(2):6NO3 + 2 CH3
Page 56 and 57: 43 566.5 Environmentally Clean Tech
Page 58 and 59: 45 586.5.1 High Exhaustion(Blackman
Page 60 and 61:
47 60South America and France. [Off
Page 62 and 63:
62CHAPTER SEVENENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Page 64 and 65:
64CHAPTER EIGHTMASS BALANCE OF LEAT
Page 66 and 67:
53 66Table 8.1 Assumption for mass
Page 68 and 69:
55 68For this reason both possibili
Page 70 and 71:
57 70Table 8.3 Composition of flesh
Page 72 and 73:
59 72At the end of chrome tanning,
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61 74collagen; 262water; 836collage
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63 76shown in Annex II. A typical m
Page 78 and 79:
65 78collagen; 119Cr tannin; 12wate
Page 80 and 81:
67 80finishing is shown in Figures
Page 82 and 83:
82CHAPTER NINEFACILITIES9.1 Izmir M
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71 84Secretariat of Customs, (dated
Page 86 and 87:
73 86The measured parameters of the
Page 88 and 89:
75 889.3 Company B9.3.1 History of
Page 90 and 91:
77 90in sulfur oxidation pond flow
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792Tablo 9.5 General information ab
Page 94 and 95:
81 94elevation and treatment proces
Page 96 and 97:
96CHAPTER TENCONCLUSIONNowadays, th
Page 98 and 99:
8598In both facilities, for the con
Page 100 and 101:
87100Langlais, R., J., Sayers, R.,
Page 102 and 103:
102APPENDICESAPPENDIX IRegulation o
Page 104 and 105:
91 104b) Small wastewater sources a
Page 106 and 107:
93 106CHAPTER TWOPrinciplesPrincipl
Page 108 and 109:
95 108b) Beverage industry sector;
Page 110 and 111:
97 110relevant administration takin
Page 112 and 113:
112APPENDIX IIBEAMHOUSEBasis: salts
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114TANNINGPickling 50 % H2O 0. 55 m
Page 116 and 117:
116Washing 400 % H2O 0. 35 m³Retan
Page 118:
118solids 2. 0 kg 1. 7 kgTop spray
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WASTE MANAGEMENT IN LEATHER INDUSTRY

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