WASTE MANAGEMENT IN LEATHER INDUSTRY

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91 104b) Small wastewater sources are wastewater sources those do not haveimportant contaminating characteristics considering any contaminationparameters and load with flow rate less than 50m3/day.Fish bio-experiment: Used to determine toxic effects of wastewaters onfishes used as indicators organism, a standard experiment providing statementof toxicity in relation with dilution ratios determining percentages of stayingalive at the end of 48, 72 and 96 hours in various wastewater dilutions.Industrial wastewater: Wastewaters remaining from any kind of processand wash sourcing from industrial establishments, factories, workshops, repairshops,small industrial sites and industrial zones, furnace and cooling watersfend off after processing without mixing with process waters.Fecal wastes: Urine, faces and remnants of human or warm bloodedanimals causing contamination of any water masses especiallybacteriologically.Administration: Administration mentioned in the regulation,Organic waste: Organic matters causing oxygen consumption bydecomposing biochemically in mediums they mixed in.Pre-treatment facilities are: Due to characteristics of wastewaters;a) To provide acceptance limits into this system for wastewatersgathered by the help of sewerage systemb) To match foreseen limit values for inlet waters of thoseestablishment to accept wastewater treatment and elimination facility of private,common, industrial zone or public by any of the wastewater transporting means.Industrial Zone: Organized industrial zones active in certainmanufacturing fields; tradesman and craftsman sites, fields where smallindustry zones and establishments with judicial personality making productionas cooperatives eliminate their wastewaters with a common system,Dilution: Magnitude calculated according to characteristics of receivingenvironment and discharging method of waste water and decrease as a result of
92 105various physical, chemical and biochemical reactions or physical,hydrodynamic events in receiving environment as a result of discharge ofcontamination parameter’s concentration in wastewater in wastewaterdischarged in a receiving environmentWater pollution: discharge of matter or energy wastes those will causedeterioration in biological sources, human health, fishing, water quality and willprevent use of water with other purposes directly or indirectly and observed asnegative change in chemical, physical, bacteriological, radioactive andecological characteristics of water sourceWater pollution control standards: To provide audit according topresent quality criteria of water masses planned to be used with certainpurposes and limitation values to prevent quality loss and from thoselimitations;a) receiving environment standards, stated to prevent obstruction ofdeterioration of water mass’ quality characteristics deemed as receivingenvironment because of water discharge.b) Discharge standards restrained quality characteristics of dischargedwastewaters with the same purposesDangerous and harmful matters: Matters, causing respiration, digestionor skin absorption and acute toxicity and long-term chronic toxicity, withcancer causing, resistant to biological treatment, necessitating special andelimination process according to Regulation on Water Pollution ControlDangerous and Harmful Matters in Water Notification in order to prevent themcontaminate underground and surface waters,Toxicity: any matter described as toxic threatening human health,health of various indicator organisms ecosystem balance by being in any waterenvironment more than a certain concentration; characteristics of causing anyacute or chronic diseases, teratogenic, genetic deterioration and death.TDF (toxicity dilution factor): A unit used identifying toxicity grade ofwastewaters,
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1DOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITYGRADUATE SCH
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4ACKNOWLEDGMENTSI thank my advisor
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6Keywords: Leather, treatment, tann
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8toplanarak, bertaraf edilmektedir.
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103.1.2.4 Draining, Samming, and Se
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126.1 Mechanical Treatment….…
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14CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTIONToday leat
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163CHAPTER TWOLEATHER PRODUCTION2.1
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18 5In year 2005, a total of 65 mil
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20 73.1.1.2 Fleshing and Trimming(E
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22 9specifically treated, however,
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11 24weak alkalis (e. g. Sodium or
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13 26Figure 3.1 An overview on the
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15 284.1.3 (Wet) Finishing Chemical
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30Table 4.1 Major, Moderate and Pot
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32 19Where effluent is discharged d
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34 21If the wastewater is to be dis
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36 23In order to assess an effluent
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25 382. The nitrogen released throu
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27 40This bacteria conversion to hy
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29 42Municipal and common treatment
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31 445.1.11 Air Emissions(The Leath
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33 46• Recover energy from the dr
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35 48Coagulation and flocculation a
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37 506.2.3 Facultative PondsPonds i
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39 52whilst the sludge-water mixtur
Page 54 and 55: 4154Denitrification(2):6NO3 + 2 CH3
Page 56 and 57: 43 566.5 Environmentally Clean Tech
Page 58 and 59: 45 586.5.1 High Exhaustion(Blackman
Page 60 and 61: 47 60South America and France. [Off
Page 62 and 63: 62CHAPTER SEVENENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Page 64 and 65: 64CHAPTER EIGHTMASS BALANCE OF LEAT
Page 66 and 67: 53 66Table 8.1 Assumption for mass
Page 68 and 69: 55 68For this reason both possibili
Page 70 and 71: 57 70Table 8.3 Composition of flesh
Page 72 and 73: 59 72At the end of chrome tanning,
Page 74 and 75: 61 74collagen; 262water; 836collage
Page 76 and 77: 63 76shown in Annex II. A typical m
Page 78 and 79: 65 78collagen; 119Cr tannin; 12wate
Page 80 and 81: 67 80finishing is shown in Figures
Page 82 and 83: 82CHAPTER NINEFACILITIES9.1 Izmir M
Page 84 and 85: 71 84Secretariat of Customs, (dated
Page 86 and 87: 73 86The measured parameters of the
Page 88 and 89: 75 889.3 Company B9.3.1 History of
Page 90 and 91: 77 90in sulfur oxidation pond flow
Page 92 and 93: 792Tablo 9.5 General information ab
Page 94 and 95: 81 94elevation and treatment proces
Page 96 and 97: 96CHAPTER TENCONCLUSIONNowadays, th
Page 98 and 99: 8598In both facilities, for the con
Page 100 and 101: 87100Langlais, R., J., Sayers, R.,
Page 102 and 103: 102APPENDICESAPPENDIX IRegulation o
Page 106 and 107: 93 106CHAPTER TWOPrinciplesPrincipl
Page 108 and 109: 95 108b) Beverage industry sector;
Page 110 and 111: 97 110relevant administration takin
Page 112 and 113: 112APPENDIX IIBEAMHOUSEBasis: salts
Page 114 and 115: 114TANNINGPickling 50 % H2O 0. 55 m
Page 116 and 117: 116Washing 400 % H2O 0. 35 m³Retan
Page 118: 118solids 2. 0 kg 1. 7 kgTop spray
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WASTE MANAGEMENT IN LEATHER INDUSTRY

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