WASTE MANAGEMENT IN LEATHER INDUSTRY
WASTE MANAGEMENT IN LEATHER INDUSTRY
WASTE MANAGEMENT IN LEATHER INDUSTRY
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126.1 Mechanical Treatment….……….…………………………………………...346.2 Effluent Treatment….….……………………………………………………356.2.1 Activated Sludge..……………...………………………………………366.2.2 Aerated Lagoons….…..………………………………………………..366.2.3 Facultative Ponds………..……………………………………………..376.2.4 Anaerobic Lagoon………..…………………………………………….376.2.5 Trickling Filter…..……………………………………………………..386.2.6 Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Technology…………….386.3 Post- Purification, Sedimentation and Sludge Handling….….……………...396.4 Emissions and Controls……….……………………………….…………….396.4.1 Nitrogen Removal…..…………………………………….……………406.4.2 Control of Hydrogen Sulfide As A Tanning By- Product...…..………416.4.2.1 Ventilation…..…………………………………………...………..426.4.2.2 Chemical Modification……………...………………..………..…426.5 Environmentally Clean Technologies..……………………………………...436.5.1 High Exhaustion………………………………………………………..456.5.2 Enzyme in the Dehairing Bath…………………………………………456.5.3 Recycling the Dehairing Bath………………………………………….456.5.4 Recycling in the Chrome Tanning Bath………………………………..466.5.5 Reuse of Chrome……………..……………….………………………..466.5.6 Direct Recycling of Chrome Tanning Float…...……………………….466.5.7 Recycling of Chrome After Precipitation.. ..…………………………..47CHAPTER SEVEN- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TANNERY<strong>WASTE</strong>S…………………………………………………………………………...49xi