WASTE MANAGEMENT IN LEATHER INDUSTRY

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792Tablo 9.5 General information about Company A and Company BCharacteristics Torbalı/Company B Menemen/Company AThe field17000 11000allocated forproduction (m²)Storage and3000 1500stockingField(m²)Green and empty40000 3500fieldTotal field(m²) 60000 16000Restaurant250 150Capacity (person)Cafeteria- 150Capacity(person)Number of70 77workersNumber of22AdministrativepersonnelNumber of16TechnicalpersonnelNumber of shift 1Working period (8:00-18:00) (8:00-18:30)Operation period240/5 300/5of the facility
80 93In addition to these information; the waste water of Company B is processedthrough treatment, is disposed to the sewer system after appropriate standards aremet. Wastewater of Menemen Free Leather Zone is collected by 3 differentchannels, on condition that pre- treatment process is completed in a plant whereall pre-treatment facilities of the undertakings of the zone has been carried outand the waste water is disposed to the sewer system.The trim waste of Company B is used in various industrial branches as a rawmaterial. The trim waste of Company A is also used in supplier industries as araw material. However, unfortunately shaving waste can not be used today forsuch reasons as transportation, the distance between the industries etc. whereas inthe past it is very useful raw material resource which can be used in variousindustrial branches.Salting is applied in both facilities in order to protect the tanned leathersuntil they arrive at the facility.Both sheep and goat leather and cattle leather is tanned in the secondfacility while, in the first facility, only sheep and goat leather is tanned. While waste products from snipping and trimming processes are not usedas raw materials for another industry in the first facility, they are sold as rawmaterials in the second facility. In both facilities, dissolving with lime method is used for hair-removingprocess, so it is not possible to recycle the hair and in addition, the water ispolluted more by the chemicals and leather leftovers. Especially COD and BODloads are increased more in the water.In both facilities, chrome tanning method is used. This method is theoptimum method in terms of the characteristics that the leather gains. In addition,
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1DOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITYGRADUATE SCH
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4ACKNOWLEDGMENTSI thank my advisor
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6Keywords: Leather, treatment, tann
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8toplanarak, bertaraf edilmektedir.
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103.1.2.4 Draining, Samming, and Se
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126.1 Mechanical Treatment….…
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14CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTIONToday leat
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163CHAPTER TWOLEATHER PRODUCTION2.1
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18 5In year 2005, a total of 65 mil
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20 73.1.1.2 Fleshing and Trimming(E
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22 9specifically treated, however,
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11 24weak alkalis (e. g. Sodium or
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13 26Figure 3.1 An overview on the
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15 284.1.3 (Wet) Finishing Chemical
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30Table 4.1 Major, Moderate and Pot
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32 19Where effluent is discharged d
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34 21If the wastewater is to be dis
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36 23In order to assess an effluent
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25 382. The nitrogen released throu
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27 40This bacteria conversion to hy
Page 42 and 43: 29 42Municipal and common treatment
Page 44 and 45: 31 445.1.11 Air Emissions(The Leath
Page 46 and 47: 33 46• Recover energy from the dr
Page 48 and 49: 35 48Coagulation and flocculation a
Page 50 and 51: 37 506.2.3 Facultative PondsPonds i
Page 52 and 53: 39 52whilst the sludge-water mixtur
Page 54 and 55: 4154Denitrification(2):6NO3 + 2 CH3
Page 56 and 57: 43 566.5 Environmentally Clean Tech
Page 58 and 59: 45 586.5.1 High Exhaustion(Blackman
Page 60 and 61: 47 60South America and France. [Off
Page 62 and 63: 62CHAPTER SEVENENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Page 64 and 65: 64CHAPTER EIGHTMASS BALANCE OF LEAT
Page 66 and 67: 53 66Table 8.1 Assumption for mass
Page 68 and 69: 55 68For this reason both possibili
Page 70 and 71: 57 70Table 8.3 Composition of flesh
Page 72 and 73: 59 72At the end of chrome tanning,
Page 74 and 75: 61 74collagen; 262water; 836collage
Page 76 and 77: 63 76shown in Annex II. A typical m
Page 78 and 79: 65 78collagen; 119Cr tannin; 12wate
Page 80 and 81: 67 80finishing is shown in Figures
Page 82 and 83: 82CHAPTER NINEFACILITIES9.1 Izmir M
Page 84 and 85: 71 84Secretariat of Customs, (dated
Page 86 and 87: 73 86The measured parameters of the
Page 88 and 89: 75 889.3 Company B9.3.1 History of
Page 90 and 91: 77 90in sulfur oxidation pond flow
Page 94 and 95: 81 94elevation and treatment proces
Page 96 and 97: 96CHAPTER TENCONCLUSIONNowadays, th
Page 98 and 99: 8598In both facilities, for the con
Page 100 and 101: 87100Langlais, R., J., Sayers, R.,
Page 102 and 103: 102APPENDICESAPPENDIX IRegulation o
Page 104 and 105: 91 104b) Small wastewater sources a
Page 106 and 107: 93 106CHAPTER TWOPrinciplesPrincipl
Page 108 and 109: 95 108b) Beverage industry sector;
Page 110 and 111: 97 110relevant administration takin
Page 112 and 113: 112APPENDIX IIBEAMHOUSEBasis: salts
Page 114 and 115: 114TANNINGPickling 50 % H2O 0. 55 m
Page 116 and 117: 116Washing 400 % H2O 0. 35 m³Retan
Page 118: 118solids 2. 0 kg 1. 7 kgTop spray
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WASTE MANAGEMENT IN LEATHER INDUSTRY

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