WASTE MANAGEMENT IN LEATHER INDUSTRY

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61 74collagen; 262water; 836collagen; 40watercollagen water; 44Cr tannin; 4waterCr tannincollagenPelt:1100 kgWet blue split leather: 88 kgcollagen; 119water; 131waterCr tannincollagenCr tannin; 12Wet blue grain leather: 262 kgFigure 8.5 Composition of pelt, wet blue grain leather and wet blue split leatherChrome tannin calculated as bi- nuclear chrome sulphate complex8.3 Post- Tanning (Wet Work)At this stage of manufacture, the starting material is wet-blue grain leather andsplits, the composition of which was shown in Figure 8.6. The variety of anddifferences in post-tanning wet work formulations followed by tanners (evenwhen producing very similar types of leather) is much broader than in beamhouseand chrome tanning. Nevertheless, whereas the chemicals used, float length,duration, temperature and sequence may differ, several steps involved inconverting wet blue (both grain leather and splits) into crust leather can beconsidered typical for most tanneries.
62 75Shav weightWet BlueShav weightWashingNeutralisationWashingRetanningDyeingFat LiquringWashingSammyingDryingCrust weight Crust Crust weightFigure 8.6 Flow diagram for post-tanning wet-blue grain leather and splitThe amount of chemicals, i.e. the additional components absorbed andretained by leather in wet finishing, depends primarily on the offer (quality) of acertain chemicals, its active substance content and degree of exhaustion that is
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1DOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITYGRADUATE SCH
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4ACKNOWLEDGMENTSI thank my advisor
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6Keywords: Leather, treatment, tann
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8toplanarak, bertaraf edilmektedir.
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103.1.2.4 Draining, Samming, and Se
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126.1 Mechanical Treatment….…
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14CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTIONToday leat
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163CHAPTER TWOLEATHER PRODUCTION2.1
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18 5In year 2005, a total of 65 mil
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20 73.1.1.2 Fleshing and Trimming(E
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22 9specifically treated, however,
Page 24 and 25: 11 24weak alkalis (e. g. Sodium or
Page 26 and 27: 13 26Figure 3.1 An overview on the
Page 28 and 29: 15 284.1.3 (Wet) Finishing Chemical
Page 30 and 31: 30Table 4.1 Major, Moderate and Pot
Page 32 and 33: 32 19Where effluent is discharged d
Page 34 and 35: 34 21If the wastewater is to be dis
Page 36 and 37: 36 23In order to assess an effluent
Page 38 and 39: 25 382. The nitrogen released throu
Page 40 and 41: 27 40This bacteria conversion to hy
Page 42 and 43: 29 42Municipal and common treatment
Page 44 and 45: 31 445.1.11 Air Emissions(The Leath
Page 46 and 47: 33 46• Recover energy from the dr
Page 48 and 49: 35 48Coagulation and flocculation a
Page 50 and 51: 37 506.2.3 Facultative PondsPonds i
Page 52 and 53: 39 52whilst the sludge-water mixtur
Page 54 and 55: 4154Denitrification(2):6NO3 + 2 CH3
Page 56 and 57: 43 566.5 Environmentally Clean Tech
Page 58 and 59: 45 586.5.1 High Exhaustion(Blackman
Page 60 and 61: 47 60South America and France. [Off
Page 62 and 63: 62CHAPTER SEVENENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Page 64 and 65: 64CHAPTER EIGHTMASS BALANCE OF LEAT
Page 66 and 67: 53 66Table 8.1 Assumption for mass
Page 68 and 69: 55 68For this reason both possibili
Page 70 and 71: 57 70Table 8.3 Composition of flesh
Page 72 and 73: 59 72At the end of chrome tanning,
Page 76 and 77: 63 76shown in Annex II. A typical m
Page 78 and 79: 65 78collagen; 119Cr tannin; 12wate
Page 80 and 81: 67 80finishing is shown in Figures
Page 82 and 83: 82CHAPTER NINEFACILITIES9.1 Izmir M
Page 84 and 85: 71 84Secretariat of Customs, (dated
Page 86 and 87: 73 86The measured parameters of the
Page 88 and 89: 75 889.3 Company B9.3.1 History of
Page 90 and 91: 77 90in sulfur oxidation pond flow
Page 92 and 93: 792Tablo 9.5 General information ab
Page 94 and 95: 81 94elevation and treatment proces
Page 96 and 97: 96CHAPTER TENCONCLUSIONNowadays, th
Page 98 and 99: 8598In both facilities, for the con
Page 100 and 101: 87100Langlais, R., J., Sayers, R.,
Page 102 and 103: 102APPENDICESAPPENDIX IRegulation o
Page 104 and 105: 91 104b) Small wastewater sources a
Page 106 and 107: 93 106CHAPTER TWOPrinciplesPrincipl
Page 108 and 109: 95 108b) Beverage industry sector;
Page 110 and 111: 97 110relevant administration takin
Page 112 and 113: 112APPENDIX IIBEAMHOUSEBasis: salts
Page 114 and 115: 114TANNINGPickling 50 % H2O 0. 55 m
Page 116 and 117: 116Washing 400 % H2O 0. 35 m³Retan
Page 118: 118solids 2. 0 kg 1. 7 kgTop spray
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WASTE MANAGEMENT IN LEATHER INDUSTRY

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