N<strong>on</strong>e <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> instituti<strong>on</strong>s are research instituti<strong>on</strong>s as defined by 2000 CarnegieClassificati<strong>on</strong>s. (For comparis<strong>on</strong>, <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Illinois at Urbana/Champaign is designated asa “Research I” instituti<strong>on</strong> by 2000 Carnegie Classificati<strong>on</strong>s.)The sizes <strong>of</strong> instituti<strong>on</strong>s that operate a textbook rental program range from roughly 400students at <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Wisc<strong>on</strong>sin, Barr<strong>on</strong> County, to 15,000 students at Sou<strong>the</strong>asternLouisiana University, Hamm<strong>on</strong>d. According to <strong>the</strong> Nati<strong>on</strong>al Associati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> College Stores, <strong>the</strong>mean number <strong>of</strong> students participating in a rental program is 6,015. Approximately 71.4 percent<strong>of</strong> textbook rental programs have been in place since <strong>the</strong> instituti<strong>on</strong>’s founding, while 28.6percent were adopted after incepti<strong>on</strong> (Nati<strong>on</strong>al Associati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> College Stores 2006).The mean estimated dollar value <strong>of</strong> current rental programs is approximately $2.1milli<strong>on</strong>, and if <strong>the</strong>se instituti<strong>on</strong>s had to recreate <strong>the</strong>ir rental programs, <strong>the</strong> mean estimated costwould be approximately $2.6 milli<strong>on</strong>. For rental programs to be cost-effective, instituti<strong>on</strong>s needto have a textbook adopti<strong>on</strong> period (<strong>the</strong> span <strong>of</strong> time <strong>the</strong> textbook is to be used) averaging 9quarters or semesters. Approximately 62 percent <strong>of</strong> rental programs allow changes with specialexcepti<strong>on</strong>s and approval from <strong>the</strong> department chairpers<strong>on</strong> or from <strong>the</strong> director <strong>of</strong> book services.Of rental programs resp<strong>on</strong>ding to NACS, 9.5 percent prohibited changes during <strong>the</strong> adopti<strong>on</strong>period. Once <strong>the</strong> adopti<strong>on</strong> period is complete, used materials are sold to wholesalers and students,d<strong>on</strong>ated to Third World programs, or disposed <strong>of</strong> through o<strong>the</strong>r means (Nati<strong>on</strong>al Associati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong>College Stores 2006).According to <strong>the</strong> Nati<strong>on</strong>al Associati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> College Stores, 85.7 percent <strong>of</strong> rental programsare run by an instituti<strong>on</strong>al bookstore, 9.5 percent by a college/university library, and 4.8 percentthrough o<strong>the</strong>r arrangements. The locati<strong>on</strong>s <strong>of</strong> rental programs vary – 38 percent <strong>of</strong> rentaloperati<strong>on</strong>s are separate from <strong>the</strong> bookstore, 48 percent are within <strong>the</strong> bookstore, and about 14percent are in o<strong>the</strong>r venues. The average total space devoted to <strong>the</strong> rental area is 4,348 squarefeet. Graduate students are eligible to participate in 42.9 percent <strong>of</strong> rental programs (about 11instituti<strong>on</strong>s), while 33.3 percent <strong>of</strong> programs exclude graduate students (about 8 instituti<strong>on</strong>s), and23.8 percent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> instituti<strong>on</strong>s (about 6 instituti<strong>on</strong>s) do not enroll graduate students (Nati<strong>on</strong>alAssociati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> College Stores 2006).The Nati<strong>on</strong>al Associati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> College Stores provides a snapshot <strong>of</strong> current textbook rentalprograms in <strong>the</strong> 2006 <strong>Textbook</strong> <strong>Rental</strong> Compendium.Various models <strong>of</strong> textbook rental programs exist, including:• comprehensive rental model for majority <strong>of</strong> course materials (66.7 percent);• mandatory student participati<strong>on</strong> (33.3 percent);• limited rental model by grade level or subject (19.0 percent);• hybrid model where students may rent or purchase (14.3 percent); and• o<strong>the</strong>r (19.0 percent).Current rental programs are funded by:• rental fees/fines (90.5 percent);• book sales (28.6 percent);• university m<strong>on</strong>ies (14.3 percent); and• o<strong>the</strong>r (19.0 percent).-24-
Student fees are collected:• as part <strong>of</strong> tuiti<strong>on</strong> (61.9 percent);• when books are rented (33.3 percent); or• through o<strong>the</strong>r means (4.8 percent).<strong>Rental</strong> fees are based <strong>on</strong>:• per credit hour (33.3 percent);• o<strong>the</strong>r (23.8 percent);• per course (23.8 percent); or• <strong>on</strong>e-time fee per term (19.0 percent).<strong>Rental</strong> Program BenefitsThe potential benefits <strong>of</strong> textbook rental programs are significant. Am<strong>on</strong>g <strong>the</strong> benefitsmenti<strong>on</strong>ed by <strong>the</strong> community colleges and public universities that resp<strong>on</strong>ded to <strong>the</strong> <strong>IBHE</strong> rentalfeasibility survey are <strong>the</strong> following:Cost Savings. <strong>Textbook</strong> rental programs <strong>of</strong>fer potential cost savings for students andparents. Existing textbook rental programs at Illinois public universities and community collegescost students less than half <strong>of</strong> what <strong>the</strong>y would be expected to pay for textbooks at n<strong>on</strong>-rentalinstituti<strong>on</strong>s. Under rental programs, students can easily budget for textbooks, and mandatoryrental fees can be covered by MAP awards to low-income students. In c<strong>on</strong>trast, while selling atextbook back at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> semester lowers <strong>the</strong> net cost to <strong>the</strong> student, <strong>the</strong> full price <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>textbook must be paid at <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> semester, and a favorable sell back is notguaranteed.Acquisiti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> Required <strong>Textbook</strong>s. A 2006 survey by <strong>the</strong> Student M<strong>on</strong>itor <strong>of</strong> 1,200full-time undergraduates at four-year instituti<strong>on</strong>s found that 26 percent <strong>of</strong> students surveyed didnot purchase all required textbooks (Student M<strong>on</strong>itor 2006). While various reas<strong>on</strong>s were givenby <strong>the</strong> students for not acquiring all required textbooks, many students reported that <strong>the</strong>y couldnot afford ei<strong>the</strong>r new or used textbooks. In c<strong>on</strong>trast to purchasing books or o<strong>the</strong>r rental modelssuch as book deposits collected <strong>on</strong> a per-book basis, rental programs funded through mandatorystudent fees guarantee that all students have access to all required textbooks.Recruitment and Retenti<strong>on</strong>. <strong>Rental</strong> programs can be effective recruitment and retenti<strong>on</strong>tools since <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> public higher educati<strong>on</strong> instituti<strong>on</strong>s with rental programs is minimal. Atextbook rental program could be a deciding factor for students and parents with financialc<strong>on</strong>straints. Eastern Illinois University markets its textbook rental program, which currently costs$7.95 per credit hour, or about $240 annually for a student enrolling in 30 credit hours per year,as a scholarship for each student.Shipping and Handling. Shipping and handling costs may be reduced under a textbookrental program. Instituti<strong>on</strong>s without rental programs estimate <strong>the</strong> quantity <strong>of</strong> textbooks needed.When an estimate is too low, more textbooks must be ordered and, c<strong>on</strong>versely, when an estimateis too high, textbooks must be returned, thus having an impact <strong>on</strong> shipping and handling costs.Envir<strong>on</strong>mentally Resp<strong>on</strong>sible. <strong>Textbook</strong> rental programs are envir<strong>on</strong>mentallyresp<strong>on</strong>sible. Utilizing a textbook over <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> an adopti<strong>on</strong> period, generally three to five-25-