46The number <strong>and</strong> percentage <strong>of</strong> principal defects found were asfollows :-DentalCariesDiseased Tonsils <strong>and</strong> AdenoidsDefective Vision ..Other eye diseases, including squintBronchitisTuberculosis(pulmonary)Tuberculosis (non-pulmonary) ' ..Malnutrition ..1Vu~ber82448332783154714479JDercentage33.2819.5113.213.356.222.87.1619.35The number <strong>of</strong> special clinics for the treatment <strong>of</strong> various defectswere as follows:-Tonsils <strong>and</strong> Adenoids10846Eye ClinicsDental Clinics138At the special clinics held in dispensaries or schools in outlying areaswhere children could not reach the ordinary town clinics, the followingnumbers were treated:-60Eye Cases150Dental CasesThe total number <strong>of</strong> children referred <strong>and</strong> treated at the variousclinics during the year were:-Eye DefectsDental Defects Tonsils <strong>and</strong> AdenoidsNo. referred 5042,156696No. treated 3991,237354County Wicklow.-During the year <strong>1936</strong> there were 29 schoolsinspected <strong>and</strong> 3,053 children medically examined.1932 1933 1934 <strong>1935</strong> <strong>1936</strong>Number inspected . . .. 3,400 3,373 3,477 1,733 3,053Percentage free from defects26.90 35.39 27.18 36.06 30.03requiring treatment50.40 64.33 38.33 50.28 51.09Percentage vaccinated ..59.30 47.85 63.07 47.06 61.54Percentage with defective teeth ..Percentage with eye defects14.10 10.43 9.03 7.73 9.69Percentage with enlarged Tonsils<strong>and</strong>/or Adenoids11.80 10.08 6.41 5.86 6.1547CHAPTER m.PROVISION OF SCHOOL MEALS.The <strong>Education</strong> (Provision <strong>of</strong> Meals) (Irel<strong>and</strong>) Acts, 1914 to 1930,form the legislative basis <strong>of</strong> the system for the provision <strong>of</strong> schoolmeals. The Acts are administered by the <strong>Department</strong> <strong>of</strong> LocalGovernment <strong>and</strong> Public Health, <strong>and</strong> information in regard to theoperation <strong>of</strong> the service is contained in the Annual <strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> that<strong>Department</strong>. In view <strong>of</strong> the importance <strong>of</strong> the subject it is, howeverconsidered desirable to give in the <strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Department</strong> <strong>of</strong><strong>Education</strong> a brief account <strong>of</strong> the general working <strong>of</strong> the scheme.The local authority in any borough or urban district or municipaltown may be empowered, under the provisions <strong>of</strong> the Acts, to incurexpenditure from the rates for the supply <strong>of</strong> food in school meals if thelocal authority is satisfied that there are children attending NationalSchools in the district who are unable, by reason <strong>of</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> food, totake full advantage <strong>of</strong> the education provided, <strong>and</strong> if there are noother funds available to defray the cost <strong>of</strong> such meals. Recoupment<strong>of</strong> the cost is made from a State Grant, to an extent not exceedingone-half <strong>of</strong> the net expenditure incurred from the rates for the actualprovision <strong>of</strong> meals, apart from the cost <strong>of</strong> administration <strong>and</strong> equipment,provided that the arrangements are in accordance with regulationsmade under Section 1 (2) <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Education</strong> (Provision <strong>of</strong> Meals){Irel<strong>and</strong>) Act, 1917.A summary <strong>of</strong> the provisions <strong>of</strong> the Schools Meals (Gaeltacht) Act,1930, was included in the <strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> this <strong>Department</strong> for the year1929-30.For the purposes <strong>of</strong> the Act the Gaedhealtacht comprises only certaindistrict electoral divisions set out in the Schedule to the Act. Theyare situated in the County Health Divisions <strong>of</strong> Cork, Donegal, Galway,Kerry <strong>and</strong> Mayo.Recoupment from the State Grant, which is payable to boards <strong>of</strong>health to the extent <strong>of</strong> one-half <strong>of</strong> the approved expenditure from therates on the actual provision <strong>of</strong> food in school meals for childrenattending national schools in the above districts, is limited under theAct to a sum not exceeding whichever <strong>of</strong> the following amounts is thelesser:(a) one-half <strong>of</strong> such expenses;(b) a sum <strong>of</strong> £10,000.The cost <strong>of</strong> administration, apparatus, equipment <strong>and</strong> staff doesnot rank for recoupment from the Grant.A statement showing the apportionment <strong>of</strong> the over-riding maximum.<strong>of</strong> £10,000 amongst the boards <strong>of</strong> health concerned for the year ended31st March, <strong>1936</strong>, together with particulars <strong>of</strong> the actual amounts <strong>of</strong>recoupmanr paid from the Grant, will be found in Appendix IV.
48The following extracts from the <strong>Report</strong>s <strong>of</strong> the School MedicalOfficers for the County Boroughs <strong>of</strong> Cork <strong>and</strong> Waterford, the Borough<strong>of</strong> Clonmel, <strong>and</strong> Counties Cavan, Cork, Donegal, Dublin, Galway,Kerry, Louth, Monaghan, Waterford, Westmeath, \Vexford <strong>and</strong>Wicklow, will give an idea <strong>of</strong> the working <strong>of</strong> the Schools Meals Schemein the country generally during the year <strong>1936</strong>:-County Borough <strong>of</strong> Cork.-A mid-day meal is given in twenty-sevenschools, <strong>and</strong> consists, in the majority <strong>of</strong> cases, <strong>of</strong> a cup <strong>of</strong> cocoa <strong>and</strong>bread <strong>and</strong> butter or jam or a currant bun. Milk is given in nineschools <strong>and</strong> to the junior infants in one school, but is stopped forvarying periods, in the majority <strong>of</strong> cases owing to financial limitations.The meal is prepared <strong>and</strong> consumed on the school premises, exceptin the case <strong>of</strong> the South Presentation Monastery, Douglas Street,where it is supplied at a nearby shop. A grant <strong>of</strong> £2,100 was givenfor the meals, <strong>and</strong> the number <strong>of</strong> children catered for was 3,750.Breakfast is given to ten children at St. Vincent's Convent <strong>and</strong>breakfast <strong>and</strong> dinner (which latter consists <strong>of</strong> meat, soup <strong>and</strong> bread) toninety children at the North Presentation Convent. These mealsare supplied at the expense <strong>of</strong> the Communities.County Borough <strong>of</strong> Waterford.-The Scheme for the provision <strong>of</strong>school meals was revised during the year to provide milk in one-thirdpint bottles in place <strong>of</strong> the half-pint bottles as heret<strong>of</strong>ore. Thisarrangement was arrived at with the principal object <strong>of</strong> giving eachchild a separate supply <strong>of</strong> milk <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> obviating the necessity <strong>of</strong>providing mugs at the school, the bottles being removed daily afterthe meal by the contractor <strong>and</strong> efficiently sterilized, Whereas arrangementsfor the same treatment <strong>of</strong> mugs in the school would be difficultto attain. As well as this milk ration, each child benefiting underthe Scheme is supplied with a bun or bread. The Head teachers <strong>of</strong>the various schools recommend such children as they believe to benecessitous for this meal, <strong>and</strong> allocations <strong>of</strong> daily supply are then made,the actual administration <strong>of</strong> the scheme being in the h<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> theschool authorities, under supervision. The grant allocated for thisservice allows during the school year <strong>1936</strong>-37 an average <strong>of</strong> 1,180children in the several schools to benefit by this meal for a period <strong>of</strong>60 school days, this period being during the winter months.Borough <strong>of</strong> Clonmel.-Free school meals were given in the followingschools :-Presentation Convent . . . . . . 2,430Sisters <strong>of</strong> Charity " • . . . . . 3,020Christian Brothers, Kickham Street " . . 1,384Christian Brothers, Western Road .. .. 2,163The meals were distributed to the poor <strong>and</strong> necessitous children;<strong>and</strong> consisted <strong>of</strong> a half-pint <strong>of</strong> Grade A milk, bread (white <strong>and</strong> brown)<strong>and</strong> butter, <strong>and</strong> buttered currant cake on Fridays.----~l,dIL49All utensils are the property <strong>of</strong> the Corporation. The latter bodyalso supplied the gas for heating milk <strong>and</strong> the service <strong>of</strong> their attendants.The total cost <strong>of</strong> the scheme was £199 Os. 9d.County Cavan.-While meals were supplied in a number <strong>of</strong> schoolsto necessitous children the only urban area in which the <strong>Education</strong>(Provision <strong>of</strong> Meals) (Irel<strong>and</strong>) Acts <strong>and</strong> the <strong>Education</strong> (School Meals)Regulations were in operation was Cootehill. A half pint <strong>of</strong> milk<strong>and</strong> a currant bun were supplied to the necessitous children in St.Michael's School for Boys. The average number <strong>of</strong> boys in receipt<strong>of</strong> a meal was 63. The cost <strong>of</strong> the food supplied in the year ended31st March, 1937, was £58 17s. Od., <strong>and</strong> the cost <strong>of</strong> administration£12 13s. 3d.In the Cavan Urban District the Scheme has now been adopted<strong>and</strong> will shortly come into operation. Meals had previously beensupplied to necessitous children in the area by voluntary effort. Inthis area in <strong>1936</strong> through the work <strong>of</strong> the Sisters in charge <strong>of</strong> the girls'school <strong>and</strong> the local conference <strong>of</strong> St. Vincent de Paul, necessitouschildren were supplied with a substantial breakfast in addition to themid-day meal previously provided.County Cork.-The·<strong>Education</strong> (Provision <strong>of</strong> Meals) (Irel<strong>and</strong>) Acts,1914-1917, <strong>and</strong> the <strong>Education</strong> (School Meals) Regulations, 1927,have been administered by the following Urban District Councilsduring <strong>1936</strong>, namely: Ferrnoy, Cobh, Kinsale, Midleton, PassageWest <strong>and</strong> Youghal.In the case <strong>of</strong> the Mallow Urban area, the Council at the end <strong>of</strong> theyear had decided to adopt a Scheme which was expected to be putinto operation at an early date. The Scheme under considerationby the Macroom Urban Council, as reported last year, has fallenthrough. A Scheme is under consideration at present for adoptionby the Clonakilty Urban Council. No steps have been taken by theSkibbereen Urban Council towards adopting a School Meals Scheme.The following are particulars as to the operation <strong>of</strong> the Schemeduring the past year :-No. <strong>of</strong> Average Total AverageAREA I Schools Daily No. No. <strong>of</strong> Total Cost <strong>of</strong>in <strong>of</strong> child- Meals Cost <strong>of</strong> Food perScheme ren fed Supplied Food Meal inPence£ s. d.Fermoy" 1 92 18,027 62 10 81 0.82d.Cobh .. 2 134 26,800 144 16 10 1.23d.Kinsale .. 2 41 8,476 44 o 0\1.25d.Midleton .. 2 180 18,540 63 2 4! 0.75d.Passage W. .. 3 107 19.844 1221.50d.Youghal7 4\.. 2 222 8.340 56 6 11 1.62d.
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187186XV.-UNlVERSITY SCHOLARSmpS AW
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205CLASSES UNDER VOCA nON AL ED UCA
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234APPENDIXVII.REFORMATORY AND INDU
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242(3) EARLY CHRISTIAN, PRE-NORMAN.
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246 247I.-Collection of Art Metalwo
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250Book, palm leaves in wooden hold
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254Pamphlet, " No Conscription," ad
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