114In one particular case, the excavation <strong>of</strong> the Lagore Crann6g, this'co-operation was a very important feature <strong>of</strong> the Work as the amount<strong>of</strong> animal bones found was truly enormous. This excavation occupiedno fewer than three excavation seasons.During the year also the Harvard University Archaeological Missionto Irel<strong>and</strong> (Fourth Mission, <strong>1935</strong>) continued its activities <strong>and</strong> conductedexcavations either on its own or under the aforesaid scheme <strong>of</strong>State-financed excavations (as e.g. the work on the Lagore Crann6g).The method <strong>of</strong> co-operation on the part <strong>of</strong> the Museum remained onthe same footing as in former years.These large <strong>and</strong> ambitious schemes naturally exercised their influenceupon the Antiquities Division <strong>and</strong>, to a certain extent, also the NaturalHistory Division, <strong>and</strong> are responsible for a very large pe~centage <strong>of</strong> theacquisitions made during the year.The two Divisions co-operated also, as in 1934, in the work <strong>of</strong> theCommittee for Quaternary Research in Irel<strong>and</strong>, about which particularshave been given in the previous <strong>Report</strong>. The field work <strong>of</strong> theCommittee started from well-attested archaeological finds in 1934,other sites for field work being selected by the scientists serving onthis Committee, which is inter-institutional <strong>and</strong> is formed <strong>of</strong> representatives<strong>of</strong> many Irish scientific bodies <strong>of</strong> recognised st<strong>and</strong>ing. Thework continued in <strong>1935</strong> <strong>and</strong> the follOwing table shows its distributionOVer the two years ;_-SitesExaminedin 1934 in <strong>1935</strong> TotalArchaeological sites .. ·. 23 14 37Non-archaeologicalsites-· . 13 9 22-Total .. .. ·. 36 23 59~to ensure continuity <strong>of</strong> the work launched by this Committeein Irel<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> to keep its tradition alive <strong>and</strong> the experiencethus gained available for future students in this field it was felt desirableto give some specially qualified persons the opportunity <strong>of</strong> anindividual period <strong>of</strong> training in Copenhagen, under the personal guidance<strong>of</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Knud .Iessen. This training was to be given in thefield <strong>and</strong> in the Laboratory. Two c<strong>and</strong>idates were selected, one <strong>of</strong>them being an Assistant in the Botanical Section <strong>of</strong> the Museum whowas given special leave <strong>of</strong> absence <strong>and</strong> whose travelling expenses Werepartly defrayed from the Museum vote. Important archaeological<strong>and</strong> palaeobotanical finds coming within the orbit <strong>of</strong> Museum work will,therefore, henceforward be dealt with by the Museum itself withoutthe necessity <strong>of</strong> outside help.115<strong>Education</strong>al Activities.-Most <strong>of</strong> the work to be recorded will befound under the divisional subheads. The attendance by the publiccontinued in a satisfactory way, although showing a small decline.Whilst it cannot be said that the visits by school classes <strong>and</strong> con-.ducted tours for such could not be considerably augmented, it isgratifying to note that the existing facilities are availed <strong>of</strong> by anmcreasing number <strong>of</strong> schools. The following group visits were arrangedfor schools: St. James' N.S., Rialto (Boys); Leeson Park School(Girls) ; Glengara Park School, Glenageary (G) ; Dundrum N.S. (B) ;Kentstown N.S. (B); De La Salle Monastery, Bagenalstown (B);Mooncoin Vocational School, Kilkenny (B) ; the same (G) ; Two-Mile-House N.S., Co. Kildare (B) ; SaIlins N.S., Co. Kildare (B) ; TullamoreN.S., Co. Offaly (B); Pwllhelli (North Wales) (G); Stamfordham(Lincolnshire) (B.).Group visits Were also arranged for a travelling party <strong>of</strong> Canadianteachers <strong>and</strong> several groups <strong>of</strong> interested tourists from foreigncountries.n.-IrishAntiquities Division.Acquisitions.-During the year under review (ended 31st July,<strong>1936</strong>) the total number <strong>of</strong> acquisitions was 1,794 objects or groups <strong>of</strong>objects (as compared with 2,029 in 1934-35, <strong>and</strong> 1,954 in 1933-34),not including some very large groups <strong>of</strong> objects resulting from thesystematic excavations which can, <strong>and</strong> need, not be reckoned withindividually.Of this total <strong>of</strong> 1,794 register entries, 298 objects or groups <strong>of</strong> objectsWere donations or deposited similarly (as compared with 464 in1934-35, <strong>and</strong> 596 in 1933-34), <strong>and</strong> 27 objects were loan deposits.The remaining 1,469 entries represent purchases out <strong>of</strong> the MuseumGrant-in-Aid at a total expenditure to the State <strong>of</strong> £548 9s. 5d. (1934-35, £368 4s. lOd, 1933-34, £749 12s. 3d.). It must be borne 'in mindthat only a comparatively small proportion <strong>of</strong> this total outlay isdevoted to the acquisition <strong>of</strong> the archaeological yield from the systematicexcavations. The main portion <strong>of</strong> this expenditure is devotedto the acquisition <strong>of</strong> objects which are purchased all over the country.The Royal Irish Academy out <strong>of</strong> its own funds has purchased 20objects <strong>and</strong> received donation <strong>of</strong> 3 objects, so that the total number<strong>of</strong> acquisitions in the year under report is 1,817. In addition to theexpenditure shown in the figures just quoted, there was a proportionateexpenditure by the State for additions to the photographic collections,whilst the Royal Irish Academy spent its available grants for thepurchase <strong>of</strong> archaeological specimens <strong>and</strong> in connection with fieldwork.
116Two groups <strong>of</strong> loan deposits Were recalled by the owners, one <strong>of</strong> them'being a real loss to the Museum which had always entertained the hopethat the group <strong>of</strong> exhibits alluded to might eventually become thepermanent property <strong>of</strong> the Nation.Of large groups <strong>of</strong> objects acquired during the year under review,those resulting from the systematic excavations continued naturallyto be the most important ones, as was the case during the previousyear in which the State-financed excavations for archaeological purposes(under the Minor Relief Scheme for Unemployment) werelaunched.Out <strong>of</strong> the eleven sites on which such excavations were conductedin the Summer <strong>and</strong> Autumn <strong>of</strong> <strong>1935</strong>, five were begun already in theprevious year, the sites being too large or complicated to be finishedin one season. The final season for two <strong>of</strong> these sites was the <strong>1936</strong>campaign ..The two most ambitious sites were Lagore Crannog, Co. Meath, <strong>and</strong>the" Temair Erann " site at Cush, Co. Limerick, both started in 1934,about which particulars will be found in the previous <strong>Report</strong>. TheLagore Excavation was one <strong>of</strong> the three excavations undertaken in<strong>1935</strong> by the Fourth Harvard University Archaeological Mission to·Irel<strong>and</strong>. On this excavation, however, the expenses <strong>of</strong> labour <strong>and</strong>some <strong>of</strong> the Assistant Supervisors were defrayed by the State scheme,.<strong>and</strong>, to a certain extent, also from the Museum vote.The excavations at Gallen, Co. Offaly, continued also in <strong>1935</strong>, <strong>and</strong>were concluded in a most satisfactory way.A new site, containing interments in tumuli at Pollacorragune, Co.Galway, was tackled in the year under review <strong>and</strong> enriched the Museumcollections by one <strong>of</strong> the finest Bronze Age burial finds ever discoveredin the country.The most conspicuous excavation during the period was done onthe site <strong>of</strong> a large megalithic monument at Creevykeel, Co. Sligo.Attention having been drawn to it by local antiquarians, the HarvardMission decided to excavate the site entirely at its own expense. TheRight Hon. Lord Mount Temple, on whose ground the megalith lies,kindly gave his permission <strong>and</strong> through his magnanimous gift <strong>of</strong> thefinds to the Museum enriched its collections by what is probably thebest group <strong>of</strong> properly excavated grave goods from any Irish megalithicstructure. The excavation has had also the most welcome result <strong>of</strong>settling the hotly contested question as to the archaeological position<strong>of</strong> a peculiar class <strong>of</strong> North Western Irish megaliths <strong>of</strong> which the" Deerpark Monument" near Sligo is the most famous representative.The large courtyard <strong>of</strong> these monuments which so greatly puzzledarchaeologists is, in the light <strong>of</strong> the Creevykeel excavation, nothingelse but the enormously enlarged forecourt or frontal" semicircle ".<strong>of</strong> the" horned cairns" <strong>of</strong> certain districts north <strong>of</strong> the Irish midl<strong>and</strong>s.117The number <strong>of</strong> Bronze Age burials explored, the associated grave.goods <strong>of</strong> which form such an important basis <strong>of</strong> all chronologicalresearch, has again been unusually large, even discounting the systematicexcavations. Thus the Keenoge cemetery, Co. Meath (seeformer reports), has increased to fourteen recorded burials, <strong>and</strong> new.cemetery sites have been ascertained at Ploopluck, Co. Kildare, atCarrowjames, Co. Mayo, <strong>and</strong> at Ballybrew. Co. Wicklow. It will beremembered that Irish Bronze Age cemeteries are, as a rule, <strong>of</strong> comparativelysmall numeric extension, so that even three or four graves<strong>of</strong> the same period on the same field mean something to us. This is.due to the age-old habit <strong>of</strong> scattered settlements which always prevailedin Irel<strong>and</strong>.Particulars as to these burials, <strong>and</strong> excavations generally, will be.found in the Appendix.Another very interesting group <strong>of</strong> finds is that from a pile-dwelling(or crannog) site at Knocknalappa, Co. Clare, consisting <strong>of</strong> a stoneaxe, a short bronze sword <strong>and</strong> a gouge. Mr. l N. A. Wallace, the wellknownLimerick antiquarian, <strong>and</strong> another friend <strong>of</strong> the Museum,Sergeant lames Long, can claim the merit <strong>of</strong> having discovered thesite, the importance <strong>of</strong> which is the fairly definite implication that weare confronted here with a Bronze Age crannogThe Museum was, for a considerable time, hoping that some suchdiscovery would soon be forthcoming <strong>and</strong> it is intended to excavatethe site at the very earliest opportunity.The excellent South Sea collection formed by Mr. H. Kirk, <strong>of</strong>Newtownards, was the most outst<strong>and</strong>ing acquisition in the ethnographicalline. This material still enhances the very first rate quality.<strong>of</strong> which the Pacific sections <strong>of</strong> the ethnographical sub-division canboast.Re_arrangement.-Little, if anything, could be done to relieve thestate <strong>of</strong> congestion which was referred to in former <strong>Report</strong>s <strong>and</strong> whichwill continue to hamper the Division until additional accommodationwill be forthcoming, as even the most drastic curtailment <strong>of</strong> thenumber <strong>of</strong> exhibits (were it desirable beyond a certain point) will not.give more than a temporary breathing space.Registration. Topographical Archives.-The systematic formation<strong>of</strong> topographical records <strong>of</strong> all archaeological discoveries <strong>and</strong> monumentsin the country Which have a bearing on the normal Museumactivities, has been energetically pursued, as pointed out in the 1934-35<strong>Report</strong>. The system followed allows <strong>of</strong> additions in every direction<strong>and</strong> the Archives, which are growing apace, are already now a veryuseful accumulation <strong>of</strong> information the future value <strong>of</strong> which is boundto be quite decisive in many questions <strong>of</strong> Irish Archaeology. Much
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,SAORSTAT EIREANN.AN ROINN OIDEACHA
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CHAP.PREFACECONTENTSPART I.-REPORTP
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PARTI-R'EPORTPREFACEThe Statistics
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"'4eleven of the Counties or County
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, 'LAN 256 CHILDREN IN 6 ROOl1S •
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6.Van Servicesunder specialVan Serv
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10(c) Open Competition Candidates 2
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- Page 26 and 27: 34Dublin, Galway, Kerry, Limerick,
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- Page 30 and 31: 42County Louth. During the year 193
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- Page 44 and 45: 70(2) The High School of Commerce,(
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- Page 60 and 61: 102erection of a school at Ballinge
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- Page 68 and 69: 118painstaking work is done in conn
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- Page 78 and 79: APPENDIX I.SAORSTAT EIREANN GENERAL
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-----r-TOTALSCOMBINED TOTALS210 RET
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214RETURN No. 1 (d).TABLE showing a
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Showing for the SessionRETURN NO. 2
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22222~'0 .::cdVI .,~cdG'" §VI'0 o2
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226227Name-ofCentre"GroupXame of Ce
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RETURN No. G.-LISTOF CANDIDATES TO
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234APPENDIXVII.REFORMATORY AND INDU
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238Table K.-Number and Causes of De
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242(3) EARLY CHRISTIAN, PRE-NORMAN.
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246 247I.-Collection of Art Metalwo
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250Book, palm leaves in wooden hold
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254Pamphlet, " No Conscription," ad
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l'arous Acquisitions.258Remains of
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262GIBBON DE BURGO (Augustinus) : D
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266___ The picture of Dorian Gray.
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27011-loCfA1U se Le Lucc 1'0,ns,ste
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