62m.CURRICULUM AND EXAMINATIONS.In the last <strong>Report</strong> reference was made to the fact that in December,<strong>1935</strong>, the <strong>Department</strong> had submitted to the various Associations <strong>of</strong>Managers <strong>and</strong> Teachers certain proposals for the amendment <strong>of</strong> theRules <strong>and</strong> Programme for Secondary Schools, <strong>and</strong> that the Associationshad been invited to give their views thereon. These proposalswere formulated by the <strong>Department</strong> with a view to givingschools greater freedom in their choice <strong>of</strong> subjects <strong>and</strong> for the purpose<strong>of</strong> simplifying the Rules generally. The principal amendmentsreferred mainly to the Intermediate Certificate Course <strong>and</strong> Examinationas the existing Programme gives very considerable· freedom inregard to the selection <strong>of</strong> sUbjects in the Leaving Certificate Course.Among the more important <strong>of</strong> these suggested amendments were-(1) That in the Intermediate Certificate Course <strong>and</strong> for examinationpurposes, History <strong>and</strong> Geography should constitute twoseparate subjects;(2) That an approved course for recognised junior pupils shouldinclude-(a) Irish (Full Course essential in the case <strong>of</strong> schools in ClassesA <strong>and</strong> B.l.)(b)(c)MathematicsHistory.(Full Course essential in the case <strong>of</strong> Boys).(d) G;eography.(e) Not less than five Full Course subjects altogether or theirequivalent.(3) That no subject should be compulsory for the IntermediateCertificate Examination except Irish, <strong>and</strong> that a pass in the examinationshould be awarded to pupils Who (a) pass in Irish, <strong>and</strong>(b) pass in five Full Course subjects altogether or their equivalent.(4) That for Intermediate Scholarship purposes-(a) History should carry 300 marks.(b) Geography should carry 300 marks.(c) Elementary Mathematics should carry 300 marks.(d) In general, each Lower Course should carry half the marksallotted to tbe corresponding Full Course.(5) That the Intermediate Certificate COurse in History shouldbe shortened by substituting "General outline <strong>of</strong> Irish Historydown to the present day" for" General outline <strong>of</strong> Irish History<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> the historic relations <strong>of</strong> Irel<strong>and</strong> with Great Britain, thecontinent <strong>of</strong> Europe, America <strong>and</strong> Australia," <strong>and</strong> that the examinationin Irish History should deal only with the period from the63beginning <strong>of</strong> the Llth century to the present day, <strong>and</strong> in EuropeanHistory from 987 A.D. to the present day. The earlier portions <strong>of</strong>Irish <strong>and</strong> European History to be regarded as a compulsory coursefor First <strong>and</strong> Second year pupils, to be tested by inspection, <strong>and</strong> notby written examination.The <strong>Department</strong> also submitted for the views <strong>of</strong> the Associationscertain other suggestions or counter-proposals which had been made,mainly in regard to the Lower Courses, <strong>and</strong> sought an expression <strong>of</strong>opinion on (a) the question <strong>of</strong> making provision for an oral examinationin Irish for all pupils <strong>of</strong> secondary schools, <strong>and</strong> (b) an additionalpublic examination to be taken by pupils at the end <strong>of</strong> the secondyear <strong>of</strong> the Intermediate Certificate course.All the Associations submitted replies, <strong>and</strong> the <strong>Department</strong> isgrateful to them for the care which they gave to the examination <strong>of</strong>the proposals, <strong>and</strong> for their criticisms <strong>and</strong> suggestions. There Wasconsiderable divergence <strong>of</strong> opinion regarding the proposals. Almost all<strong>of</strong> them Were approved, sometimes with qualifications, by one or more<strong>of</strong> the Associations, but none <strong>of</strong> them received the unqualified approval<strong>of</strong> all the bodies. The nearest approach to general agreement was inregard to the proposal to shorten the Intermediate Certificate course inHistory. This proposal Was approved in principle by all the Associations.The proposal that History <strong>and</strong> geography should constitutetwo separate subjects for the Intermediate Certificate Course <strong>and</strong>Examination received the next greatest measure <strong>of</strong> support.Having regard to the views expressed by the Associations, the<strong>Department</strong> decided to introduce only one <strong>of</strong> the proposed amendmentsfor the school year <strong>1936</strong>--'37, namely, that concerning the IntermediateCertificate Course in History. A further change was made inregard to this course. It was decided that the prescribed period <strong>of</strong>Irish History should not extend beyond the end <strong>of</strong> the year 1921 <strong>and</strong>that the course in European History should stop at the end <strong>of</strong> the year1918.8,739 ordinary school c<strong>and</strong>idates sat for the Certificate Examinationsin <strong>1936</strong>. This is an increase <strong>of</strong> 771 on the corresponding numberfor <strong>1935</strong> in which year there were 678 more c<strong>and</strong>idates than in 1934.The percentage <strong>of</strong> c<strong>and</strong>idates sitting for the Leaving CertificateExamination was 27.4 as compared with 27.1 in the previous year.84.7 per cent. <strong>of</strong> the c<strong>and</strong>idates for the Leaving Certificate <strong>and</strong> 76.5per cent. <strong>of</strong> the c<strong>and</strong>idates for the Intermediate Certificate passedmaking the total percentage <strong>of</strong> passes 78.7 as compared with 76.3 in<strong>1935</strong>. In the case <strong>of</strong> both boy <strong>and</strong> girl c<strong>and</strong>idates, there was a decreasein the percentage <strong>of</strong> passes in the Leaving Certificate, but an increasein the percentage in the Intermediate Certificate.In addition to the numbers referred to above, 316 c<strong>and</strong>idates werespecially admitted to the Leaving Certificate Examination for thepurpose <strong>of</strong> the competition for places in Training Colleges for Primary
64Teachers or for qualification as a Primary Teacher, <strong>and</strong> 81 Werespecially admitted for the purpose <strong>of</strong> competing for University SCholarshipsawarded by County <strong>and</strong> Borough Councils.The number <strong>of</strong> c<strong>and</strong>idates electing to answsr through the medium<strong>of</strong> Irish at the Certificate Examinations is still increasing. In <strong>1936</strong>,42.0 per cent. <strong>of</strong> the total scripts were in Irish, whereas the percentagefor <strong>1935</strong> was 36.9.At the Certificate Examinations <strong>of</strong> <strong>1936</strong> c<strong>and</strong>idates Were allowedto select either the Irish or English version <strong>of</strong> the question papers inAlgebra but they were not supplied with both versions in that subject.No bonus for answering through Irish was awarded in Algebra unlessthe c<strong>and</strong>idate selected the Irish version <strong>of</strong> the paper. This conditionwill be extended to Arithmetic in 1937 <strong>and</strong> to History <strong>and</strong> Geographyin 1938.The following table shows the extent to which c<strong>and</strong>idates used Irishas a medium for their answering in the various subjects at the CertificateExaminations. <strong>1936</strong>'.Total papers Total papers PercentageSubject examined answered answeringthrough Irish through IrishGreek· . ·. 1,027 322 31.4Latin ·. · . 5,054 1,345 26.6French ·. ·. 3,917 1,270 32.4German·. · . 151 100 66.2History · . · . 8,625 3,527 40.9Geography · . · . 8,691 3,620 41.7Mathe- {Mithmetk · . 8,875 4,280 48.2matilCSAlgebra ·. 8,865 3,931 44.3Geometry · . 8,872 4,264Science, Course A 48.1· . 1,872 424 22.6"B"· . 234 173 73.9"D" · . 706 400Domestic Economy <strong>and</strong>56.7Science · . ·. 1,775 971Botany 54.7· . ·. 296 204General Science 68.9· . 429 325Chemistry 75.8· . · . 424 124Physics 29.2·. ·. 88 6Physiology <strong>and</strong> Hygiene6.8253 173Music ..68.4· . · . 59 26Commerce 44.1· . ·. 653 80 11.2Applied Mathematics· . 23 1Manual Instruction 4.3· . 110 75 68.260,999 25,641 42.04Included in the above return are the papers <strong>of</strong> c<strong>and</strong>idates specially65admitted to the Leaving Certificate Examination under the provisions<strong>of</strong> Appendices lII, IV <strong>and</strong> V to the Secondary School Prcgramme,<strong>1935</strong>-36.IV.THE STAFF IN THE SCHOOLS.The total number <strong>of</strong> teachers employed in the schools in the schoolyear <strong>1935</strong>-36 was 2,879, being an increase <strong>of</strong> 18 on the figure for theprevious year. The number <strong>of</strong> registered teachers employed was1,557, an increase <strong>of</strong> 44, as compared with the school year 1934-35.Particulars <strong>of</strong> the numbers <strong>of</strong> registered <strong>and</strong> unrigistered teachers ineach school are given in Table XVIII, Appendix V.The proportion <strong>of</strong> registered to unregistered teachers employed ascompared with the previous year, was as follows :-Registered : 1934-35 <strong>1935</strong>-36Men ·. · . 54.8 55.8Women · . 51.1 52.4--Total ·. · . 52.9 54.1Unregistered:Men ·. · . 45.2 44.2Women ·. 48.9 47.6Total 47.1 45.9The number <strong>of</strong> teachers in receipt <strong>of</strong> Incremental Salary was 1,342,being an increase <strong>of</strong> 44 on the figure for the previous year, <strong>and</strong> repre-.sents 86.2 per cent. <strong>of</strong> the total number <strong>of</strong> registered teachers employed,as compared with 85.8 per cent. in 1934-35, <strong>and</strong> 85.7 per cent. in1933-34. The number <strong>of</strong> teachers who received an additional incrementor increments in respect <strong>of</strong> Honours degrees or equivalentswas 430.The number <strong>of</strong> teachers who received a special increment for teachingthrough the medium <strong>of</strong> Irish under the terms <strong>of</strong> the regulationsoriginally introduced in 1931-32, <strong>and</strong> revised in 1932-33, was 267ll55 men <strong>and</strong> 112 women), as compared with 206 (119 men <strong>and</strong> 87women) in the previous year.In addition to those Who received Incremental Salary, 44 teacherswould have received payment but for the fact that they were employedin schools in which the staff <strong>of</strong> recognised teachers was greater thanthe" authorised quota," i.e., the proportion <strong>of</strong> teachers to pupils wasin excess <strong>of</strong> that sanctioned in the rules. The corresponding figure
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