Vaccines-2013 - OMICS Group

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K. Tabynov et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USASafety and immunogenicity of an inactivated whole-virion chromatographic vaccine withaluminum against influenza А (H1N1) pdm09: A randomized, blinded, dose-dependentplacebo-controlled clinical studyK. Tabynov 1 , A. Sansyzbay 1 , O. Kiselev 2 , B. Khairullin 1 , Zh. Kydyrbayev 1 , N. Sandybayev 1 , M. Kassenov 1 and M. Stukova 21Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan2Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russian FederationBackground: The pandemic influenza A/H1N1 pdm09 emerged in 2009 and led to high demand for influenza vaccines,highlighting the limited vaccine manufacturing capacity world-wide. To meet the needs of Kazakhstan for an effective vaccineagainst pandemic influenza, the Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems developed an inactivated whole-virionchromatographic vaccine with aluminum (trade name Refluvac). This paper presents the results of a clinical Phase I single-usestudy of the vaccine in healthy volunteers aged 18-60 years.Materials and methods: The study was conducted at the clinical facilities of the Research Institute of Influenza (RussianFederation). Number of volunteers enrolled in the study-54 people, including those who receive three doses (3.75, 7.5 or 15.0mcg of hemagglutinin [HA]) of the vaccine-36 people (to 12 people in each dose) and a placebo-18 people. Antibody response(seroconversion and seroprotection rates, geometric mean titer [GMT], seroconversion factors) was determined using thehemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. Cellular immune response was assayed using the index of stimulation of peripheralblood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the production of cytokines by antigen supernatant-stimulated cells. Reactogenicity andsafety were assessed by monitoring adverse reactions (local and systemic reactions), physical examinations, monitoring of vitalsymptoms and laboratory tests (general and biochemical blood tests, Ig E, urinalysis). The study was conducted in accordancewith protocol VRK-I-00-01/2010 approved by the Federal Service on Surveillance in Healthcare and Social Development of theMinistry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.Results: Volunteers vaccinated with the vaccine at a dose of 3.75 mcg HA adverse events related to vaccination were not observed.Volunteers vaccinated with the vaccine at a dose of 7.5 mcg HA did not have any systemic reactions related to the vaccination.Weak local reactions, presenting as pain and discomfort at the injection site, were observed in 3 of the 12 (25%) volunteersvaccinated at a dose of 7.5 mcg HA; these reactions were not accompanied by the development of hyperemia or infiltrates, weretransient (lasted no more than 2 days), and disappeared without medication. Among the volunteers vaccinated with the vaccine ata dose of 15.0 mcg HA, one medium systemic reaction was observed as an increase in temperature up to 37.8°C after 6 hours postvaccination (PV). Weak local reactions, presenting as pain and discomfort at the injection site were not observed in volunteersvaccinated at a dose of 15.0 mcg HA. Clinical and laboratory examinations of the volunteers on days 7 and 21 PV revealed thatthe morphological and biochemical parameters of peripheral blood, including the total level of IgE, did not significantly alterfrom normal physiological values (all p>0.05). Vaccination had no adverse effect on electrocardiogram (ECG) data PV, as theECG data for all volunteers remained similar to the baseline values. In terms of rating the immunogenic activity of the vaccine,83.3% of the volunteers vaccinated at a dose of 3.75 mcg HA had a 4-fold seroconversion rate; the seroprotection rate was 75%, themultiplicity of growth of the antibody titer was 10.7 and the GMT was 53.4. In the group vaccinated at a dose of 7.5 mcg HA, 100%of the volunteers had a 4-fold seroconversion rate; the seroprotection rate was 75%, the multiplicity of growth of the antibodytiter reached 32.0, and the GMT was 160.0. Using a high dose of the vaccine (15.0 mcg HA), an increase in the proportion ofpeople (from 75% to 83%) with protective antibody titers, but increase the GMT and the multiplicity of growth of the antibodytiter in this group compared to group, which vaccinated at a dose of 7.5 mcg HA was not observed (p>0.05). Vaccination led tothe formation of a cellular immune response, which was polarized towards Th-1 production.Conclusions: This Phase I clinical study of the Refluvac vaccine at doses of 3.75, 7.5 or 15.0 mcg HA in healthy volunteers aged18-60 years-old indicates the antibody can induce pronounced immunogenicity, is well tolerated, has a low reactogenicity, is safe,and leads to the formation of a cellular immune response.tabynov_81@mail.ruJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 108
Xiao-Yong Fan et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0173 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAEnhanced protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis afforded by BCG prime-DNA boost regimen correlates with increased IL-2-producing CD4 T cell frequencyXiao-Yong Fan 1,2 , Han Kang 1,2 , Qing Yuan 1 , Hui Ma 1 , De-Ping Han 1 , Kang Wu 1 and Douglas B. Lowrie 11Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University, China2Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, ChinaThe development of improved vaccines and vaccination strategies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been hindered bya limited understanding of the immune correlates of anti-tuberculosis protective immunity. Simple measurement of IFN-frequency or production per se does not provide adequate prediction of immune protection. In this study, we examined therelationship between T cell immune responses and protection conferred by the heterologous vaccination strategy, BCG prime-Ag85A DNA boost (B/D), in a mouse model of pulmonary tuberculosis. The results demonstrated that mice vaccinated with theB/D regimen had a significantly reduced bacillary load compared to BCG-vaccinated mice, and the CFU reduction was associatedwith decreased pathology and lower levels of inflammatory cytokines in the infected lungs. Further analysis of immunogenicityshowed that the superior protection afforded by the B/D regimen correlated with significantly increased frequency of IL-2-producing CD4 T cells and increased IL-2 production when measured as integrated mean fluorescence intensity (iMFI) valuepost-vaccination. These data suggest that measurement of elevated IL-2 production or frequency of IL-2-producing CD4 T cellscan predict vaccine efficacy, and add to the accumulating body of evidence suggesting that BCG vaccination in prime-booststrategies may be a useful tool for the control of M. tb infection.Keywords: Protective immunity; Prime-boost; DNA vaccine; Multifunctional T cell; IL-2; Mycobacterium tuberculosis.BiographyXiao-Yong Fan, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Young PI. He was born in April 1977, was awarded to be Shanghai Rising-Star (A) programmed byShanghai Science and Technology Commission in 2009 and got the tracking support in 2012, and was promoted atypically to be Master’s tutorof Pathogeny Biology in Fudan University in Jan 2011. In Sep 2005, Dr. Fan entered to Department of Microbiology, Fudan University to pursuehis doctorate under supervision of Prof. Guo-Ping Zhao, academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences. After graduation, Dr. Fan joined into theDepartment of Scientifi c Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center since Sep, 2008 as assistant professor fi rstly, and he was promoted asassociate professor soon and began to establish Tuberculosis laboratory on infection and immunity in 2011. At present, Dr Fan’s research interestsfocus on infection and immunity, and vaccine development on Tuberculosis.xyfan008@fudan.edu.cnJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 109
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