Vaccines-2013 - OMICS Group

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Xueqiong Wu et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAThe pharmacodynamic study and safety evaluation on tuberculosis DNA vaccinesXueqiong Wu 1 , Yan Liang 1 and Zhongming Li 21The 309 th Hospital of Chinese PLA, China2Shanghai H&G Biotechnology Company, ChinaThe situation of TB and MDR-TB was severe, especially in developing countries. It is mainly due to lacking of effective vaccineand the funding to support the treatment of MDR-TB with second line anti-TB drugs. It was proved that DNA vaccine couldbe a novel and potentially powerful agent to prevent and treat disease. We have constructed various TB DNA vaccines usedplasmid pVAX1 as vector, for example, DNA vaccines expressing proliferating antigens, latency antigens, cytokines, chimericDNA vaccine (Ag85A/ESAT6, Ag85A/Ag85B) and mixed DNA vaccines. ESAT6, Ag85A, Ag85B DNA mainly elicit Th1 typeimmune responses, and MPT64 DNA elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses. ESAT6, Ag85A and Ag85B DNAs hadbetter protective efficacy than MPT64 DNA. IFN-g and IL-12 DNAs can enhance the protective efficacy of MPT64 DNA. Ag85Aor Ag85A/Ag85B DNA alone or combined with RFP or PZA had better immunotherapeutic effects on drug-sensitive or MDR-TBmouse model, but Ag85A/ESAT6 DNA may cause the death of mice, which is mainly caused by hypersensitivity. The immuneresponses were enhanced in mice after vaccination intramuscularly with electroporation using Ag85A DNA. Electroporationimproved the efficiency of gene expression and the immunogenicity of DNA, and can reduce 10 times amount of DNA. 1 mg TBDNA vaccines can elicit effectively immune responses in the primate animals. The cynomolgus monkey immunized by 0.2, 1, 5mg Ag85A DNA did not find any adverse reaction. The therapeutic Ag85A DNA vaccine and the combination with anti-TB drugsare the promising and affordable strategies for the treatment of MDR-TB disease in developing countries.BiographyXueqiong Wu, M.D., Ph.D., The Director of Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, The Vice Head of Institute of TuberculosisResearch, the 309 th Hospital of Chinese PLA, China. She does research on tuberculosis (TB) in the following directions: (1) new TB vaccines (2) thenew, rapid diagnostic techniques of TB, for example, mycobacterial species identifi cation, rapid detection of M. tuberculosis and its drug resistance,risk prediction of anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity, rapid diagnosis of bacterium-negative TB, etc. (3) new Chinese herbal medicine.wu-xueqiong@263.netJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 58
Muhammad Ali A. Shah et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USANanoparticles: The next generation delivery vehicle for DNA vaccinesMuhammad Ali A. Shah 1 and Nongyue He 1,21State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, China2Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Packaging and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, ChinaVaccination have led to eradication of those diseases which had once claimed millions of lives worldwide; however, it isaccompanied with number of dis-advantages especially safety issues until the entry of DNA vaccines. The DNA vaccineshave been emerged as best remedy for problematic diseases being capable of producing humoral and cellular immune responsesas well as the safest vaccines so far. However, the magnitude of immune responses produced in primates is lower than thatin experimental animals. There are several reasons are described theoretically for this limited efficacy and a number of novelapproaches have been applied to boost their immune responses e.g. use of more efficient promoters and codon optimization,addition of traditional or genetic adjuvants, electroporation, intradermal delivery and various prime-boost strategies. One ofthese strategies is controlled antigen administration of plasmid DNA through microspheres and nanoparticles. This approachis accompanied with a number of advantages to overcome the limitations of traditional delivery systems in terms of stability,solubility and pharmacology. Furthermore, the surface structure of a virus highly resembles with a nanoparticle because of theirgeometrical regularities and nano-scale dimensions, therefore, the engineering of nanoparticles are based upon principles ofnatural virus attack which will be best tool for vaccine. There is evidence that these immune responses can be augmented byproperly structured nano-sized particles (nanoparticles) that may avoid DNA degradation and facilitate targeted delivery toantigen presenting cells. Adsorption, formulation or encapsulation with particles has been found to stabilize DNA formulations.The use of nanoparticles for DNA vaccine delivery is a platform technology and has been applied for delivery of a variety ofexisting and potential vaccines successfully.BiographyMuhammad Ali A. shah completed his Ph.D. from Nanjing Agricultural University, China in 2009 with specialization in fi eld of DNA vaccines.There are almost approximately 20 publications at his credit, which have been cited in more than 1,00 publications by other research groupsthroughout the world. He has co-authored one book as well. He has worked as Assistant professor and Associate professor in different universitiesof Pakistan where he has been involved in various teaching, research and administrative activities. Currently he is pursuing his Post-Doctoral studiesin Biomedical Engineering at School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, China. His research interests includeimmuno-therapeutics especially DNA vaccination and Nano vaccines against Infectious agents.alishah521@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 59
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