Vaccines-2013 - OMICS Group

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Rivka Abulafia-Lapid, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAT-cell responsiveness to myelin sheath proteins (MSP)-derived peptides in multiple sclerosispatients of different disease types for a randomized, double-blind T cell vaccination clinical trialRivka Abulafia-LapidHadassah University Hospital, IsraelBackground: T-cell vaccination (TCV) for multiple sclerosis (MS) refers to treatment with autologous anti-myelin T-cells,attenuated by irradiation.Aim: In order to test anti-MSP autoimmunity in MS patients, T-cell specific responsiveness to the myelin sheath protein (MSP)-derived peptides were tested. Accordingly, a tailor-made specific vaccine was prepared for patients.Methodology: Here we report a cohort study testing T-cells isolated from 92 MS patients of 3 different disease types. The T-cellresponsiveness to nine synthetic peptides derived from the major immunogenic epitopes - MSP, MBP, MOG and PLP, were tested.The results of this prescreening study were used for enrollment eligibility and for tailor-made (each patient received his ownresponsive T-cell lines) vaccine preparation.Results and Suggestions: Of the 92 patients tested, 54 were RR-MS, 38 RP-MS, SP-MS; EDSS disease ranged from 1 to 7.0. Ofthe 54 RR-MS patients, 59% responded to at least one of the protein peptides; 28% responded to MBP, 40% to MOG and 42%to PLP. Of the 38 RP-MS, SP MS patients, 31% responded to at least one of the protein peptides with 18% to MBP, 21% to MOGand 23% to PLP. RR-MS patients’ response to myelin proteins was significantly higher than that of the RP-MS group suggesting ahigher level of autoimmune activity in RR-MS patients. It is apparent that MOG is highly relevant as a primary target antigen inMS in spite of its minute quantity in the brain (0.01%). As a result of the screening described above, 26 patients with progressiveMS were enrolled in the study (mean age: 39+9.8years; mean EDSS: 4.4±1.7). T-cell lines reactive to 9 different peptides of themyelin antigens, MBP, MOG and PLP, were raised from the patients’ peripheral blood, each patient according to the specificresponsiveness data. The clinical outcome of the study was recently reported as “T-cell vaccination befits relapsing progressivemultiple sclerosis patients in a randomized, double blind Clinical trial," PLoS ONE clinical trials 7 (12); 1-10, 2012. In addition, acorrelation was done between the T-cell responsiveness and the HLA-genotype from each patient for future peptide vaccine design.rivka_abulafia@yahoo.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 138
Samuel Teshome, J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USADrinking water and sanitation status in Ethiopia: A literature surveySamuel TeshomeInternational Vaccine Institute, South KoreaThe world Health Organization estimates that up to 80% of all diseases in the world are caused by inadequate sanitation,polluted water or unavailability of water. In Ethiopia over 60% of the communicable diseases are due to poor environmentalhealth conditions arising from unsafe and inadequate water supply and poor hygienic and sanitary practices. Literature reviewwas conducted with focus on coverage and trends in safe water supply and sanitation status in Ethiopia. Pub med and WHOpublications search using key words: safe water supply, Sanitation, and Ethiopia was done. National library catalogues andministry of health reports on safe water supply, and Sanitation were reviewed. As of 2010, rural population access to drinkingwater is 61.5% and for urban population it is 88.6% with urban to rural discrepancy of 27.1%. The overall national access to safedrinking water for the same time period is 66.2%. The WHO/UNICEF joint monitoring program (JMP) data however, indicatethe national coverage to be only 36% for same period. The review indicated that Pit latrine use increased to 64% in 2011from12% in 1996 while open field use decreased to 34% from 84%. Current trends show improved coverage of both safe water supplyand sanitation. This is attributable to the health extension program which is an innovative approach that links community healthworkers and individual families for safe water use and improved sanitary practices.BiographySamuel Teshome earned his Doctor of Medicine degree from Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia in 1989. He did his post graduate training inPediatrics and Child Health at Addis Ababa University and Epidemiology at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Currently he is workingwith the International Vaccine Institute with a capacity of associate research scientist and provides support on cholera vaccine clinical trials and pilotdemonstration projects. He worked previously with World Health Organization on polio eradication program and other vaccine preventable diseasein Ethiopia and Sierra Leone.samteshome@gmail.com;sam_teshome2002@yahoo.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 139
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